Dorsal and ventral pancreatic bud development from the endoderm requires inductive interactions with diverse mesodermal cell types and the action of transcription factors expressed within the endoderm. Presently it is unclear which mesodermal interactions activate which pancreatic transcription factors, and whether such inductions are common for initiating dorsal and ventral pancreas developmen...

The thymus and parathyroids develop from third pharyngeal pouch (3rd pp) endoderm. Our previous studies show that Shh null mice have smaller, aparathyroid primordia in which thymus fate specification extends into the pharynx. SHH signaling is active in both dorsal pouch endoderm and neighboring neural crest (NC) mesenchyme. It is unclear which target tissue of SHH signaling is required for the ...

objective: in vitro production of a definitive endoderm (de) is an important issue in stem cell-related differentiation studies and it can assist with the production of more efficient endoderm derivatives for therapeutic applications. despite tremendous progress in de differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hescs), researchers have yet to discover universal, efficient and cost-effective ...

Apolipoprotein expression was examined in the postimplantation mouse embryo. Antibodies directed against murine Apolipoprotein AI and human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles specifically immunoprecipitated metabolically labelled radioactive apolipoproteins from the culture supernatant of 10.5 days post coitum (days p.c.) yolk sac visceral endoderm cultured in vitro. No evidence for apolip...

The deposition of a basement membrane by primitive endoderm cells is necessary for polarization of the epiblast and formation of the proamniotic cavity in periimplantation mammalian embryos. The synthesis of this basement membrane is in turn dependent upon laminin expression. Here we have used embryoid bodies derived from mouse embryonic stem cells to investigate the molecular mechanisms contro...

We use a standing-drop culturing method to investigate the effect on mesodermal erythropoiesis of ectoderm and endoderm from the area opaca vasculosa (AOV) and area pellucida (AP) of stage-4 chick blastoderms. We find that ectoderm from the AOV and ectoderm and endoderm from the AP exert an inhibitory influence on mesodermal erythropoiesis. This inhibitory influence is coupled with the tendency...

BACKGROUND Signals from anterior endodermal cells that express the homeobox gene Hex initiate development of the most rostral tissues of the mouse embryo. The dorsal/anterior endoderm of the Xenopus gastrula, which expresses Hex and the putative head-inducing gene cerberus, is proposed to be equivalent to the mouse anterior endoderm. Here, we report the origin and signalling properties of this ...

Reprogramming can occur by the introduction of key transcription factors (TFs) as well as by epigenetic changes. We demonstrated that histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) Trichostatin A (TSA) combined with a chromatin remodeling medium (CRM) induced expression of a number of definitive endoderm and early and late pancreatic marker genes. When CRM was omitted, endoderm/pancreatic marker genes w...

During cleavage stages, maternal VegT mRNA and protein are localized to the Xenopus embryo's vegetal region from which the endoderm will arise and where several zygotic gene transcripts will be localized. Previous loss-of-function experiments on this T-box transcription factor suggested a role for VegT in Xenopus endoderm formation. Here, we test whether VegT is required to initiate endoderm fo...