The energy of a Gamma-Ray Burst is one of the most interesting factors that can help determining the origin of these mysterious explosions. After the discovery that GRBs are cosmological it was thought, for a while that they are standard candles releasing ∼ 1051ergs. Redshift measurements that followed the discovery of GRB afterglow revealed that GRBs are (i) further than what was initially bel...

In this paper, we consider timeliness and energy optimization in battery-powered, dynamic embedded real-time systems, which must remain functional during an operation/mission with a bounded energy budget. We consider application activities that are subject to time/utility function time constraints, statistical assurance requirements on timeliness behavior, and an energy budget, which cannot be ...

The risk-sensitive foraging theory formulated in terms of the (daily) energy budget rule has been influential in behavioural ecology as well as other disciplines. Predicting risk-aversion on positive budgets and risk-proneness on negative budgets, however, the budget rule has recently been challenged both empirically and theoretically. In this paper, we critically review these challenges as wel...

The impact of parameterized topographic internal lee wave drag on the input and output terms in the total mechanical energy budget of a hybrid coordinate high-resolution global ocean general circulation model forced by winds and air-sea buoyancy fluxes is examined here. Wave drag, which parameterizes the generation of internal lee waves arising from geostrophic flow impinging upon rough topogra...

A new method namely, interval-point method without using fuzzy set theory is proposed for finding an optimal solution for unbalanced transportation problems with budgetary constraints where demand and budget are imprecise. With the help of numerical example, the proposed method is illustrated. The proposed method enables the decision makers to choose the optimal distribution according to their ...