It is clearly emerging from the work of various laboratories that membrane-bound electron transfer chains are anisotropically arranged along an axis perpendicular to the plane of the membrane (1-6). Anisotropic organization of redox chains, composed of hydrogen and electron carriers can lead, as proposed by Lundegardh (7), to generation of transmembrane electrical fields and proton gradients if...

We discuss the calculation of the strange magnetic radius of the proton in chiral perturbation theory. In particular we investigate the low energy component of the loop integrals involving kaons. We separate the chiral calculation into a low energy part and a high energy component through use of a momentum space separation scale. This separation shows that most of the chiral calculation comes f...

The mechanism of charge separation in polymeric bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells is usually described as electron transfer from the absorbing polymer to an electron acceptor material such as 6,6 -phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester PCBM . We consider the possibility of energy transfer to PCBM as another potential mechanism for charge separation. We demonstrate resonance energy transfer f...

We have developed a microcalorimeter energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) system with high-energy resolution to analyze the composition in the materials with low voltage excitation. This system is based on the dilution refrigerator and has a snout like conventional EDS system. The energy resolution was 14.2 eV for Al-Kα line (1.5 keV) and the estimated count rate was 333 cps. We demonstrated th...

The paper presents the analysis of the thermal efficiency of a dividing wall distillation column and the influence of the feed composition on the reduction of energy consumption compared to a classical scheme of multicomponent mixture separation. The study relays on rigorous simulations in HYSYSTM using thermodynamically equivalent schemes. A case study is presented for the separation of a hydr...

One signature of quantum chaos is the failure of standard semiclassical (EBK) quantization due to the occurrence of chaotic ray paths in the WKB approximation. Another is the appearance of level repulsion in the statistics of the separation between nearest-neighbour eigenvalues, the primary diagnostic [2] being the probability distribution function (PDF), P(s), of the energy level separations, ...

Certain systems with slow driving and avalanche–like dissipation events are naturally close to a critical point when the ratio of two energy scales is large. The first energy scale is the threshold above which an avalanche is triggered, the second scale is the threshold above which a site is affected by an avalanche. I present results of computer simulations, and a mean–field theory. PACS numbe...

The mathematical model developed in this paper deals with simultaneous synthesis of the integrated separation network, where both mass separating agents (MSAs) and energy separating agents (ESAs) are taken into account. The proposed model formulation is believed to be superior to the available ones. Traditionally, the tasks of optimizing ESA-based and MSA-based processes were either performed i...

The effect of spatial separation on the ability of listeners to report keywords from two simultaneous talkers was examined. The talkers were presented with equal intensity at a clearly audible level, and were designed to have little spectral overlap in order to reduce energetic interference. The two talkers were presented in a virtual auditory environment with various angular separations around...