This loss can be reduced by the use of a capacitor in the system, which injects reactive current and also improves the voltage magnitude in the buses. Shunt capacitors are commonly used in distribution system for reactive power compensation. The real power loss in the distribution line is the R.I2 loss which depends on the current and resistance. The radial distribution system is a rugged syste...

Genetic Algorithm with special constraint handling procedure is proposed for the discrete optimization problem of capacitor placement and sizing in distribution system for cost reduction and power quality improvement. We use gene encoding that enables simple integer representation of possible different number of capacitors of various standard sizes to be placed on a bus. A pair-wise comparison ...

The overarching goal of this research project is to develop technologies for beneficial salinity management. Specifically, the project focuses on the energy and resources recovery from reverse osmosis (RO) desalination concentration, which can reduce the cost associated with desalination operation and minimize the environmental impact associated with the disposal of desalination concentrate. Th...

Robot workspace estimation and base placement optimisation techniques for the conversion of conventional work cells into autonomous flexible manufacturing systems M. F. Alya; A. T. Abbasb; S. M. Megahedc a Mechanical Engineering Department, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt b Mechanical Engineering Department, Engineering College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia c Me...

An electrical probe is constructed of a small capacitor in contact with the circuit node under test so as not to load this circuit node and cause distortion of the input signal. The small capacitor is then placed in series with the small input resistance of a terminated coaxial signal line. The voltage signal at the output of the coaxial line will be approximately the product of the small capac...

Between the metal–insulator–metal (MIM) capacitor and metal–oxide–metal (MOM) capacitor, the MIM capacitor has a better characteristic of stable capacitance. However, the MOM capacitors can be easily realized through the metal interconnections, which does not need additional fabrication masks into the process. Moreover, the capacitance density of the MOM capacitor can exceed the MIM capacitor w...

Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bridge systems are gaining wide acceptance among bridge engineers. At the same time, FRP bridge systems are relatively expensive when compared to traditional reinforced concrete bridge systems. In this study, the concept of the hybrid FRP-concrete structural systems is applied to a bridge superstructure. The hybrid FRP-concrete superstructure system is intended to...

This paper investigates the fault detection of a micro parallel plate capacitor subjected to nonlinear electrostatic force. For this end Thau observer, which has good ability in fault detection of nonlinear system has been presented and governing nonlinear dynamic equation of the capacitor has been presented. Upper and lower threshold for fault detection have been obtained. The robustness of th...

Loss minimization in power system is an important research issue. Transmission line losses in a power system can be minimized by means of reactive power compensation. The continuous demand in electric power system network has caused it to be heavily loaded leading to voltage instability. This phenomenon has also led to voltage profile depreciation below the acceptable secure limit. The signific...