This study evaluated travelers' diarrhea among US military personnel on short-term deployment to Incirlik Air Base, Turkey, from June through September 2002. Upon reporting for care for travelers' diarrhea, subjects were enrolled into the study and completed a series of questionnaires and provided stool specimens for pathogen identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Fifty-three ...

Recent studies have shown that children with blood group A have increased susceptibility to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) diarrhea and that Lewis blood group "a" antigen (Le(a)) may be a candidate receptor for ETEC colonization factor (CF) antigen I (CFA/I) fimbriae. Based on these findings, we have attempted to determine if children with the Le(a+b-) phenotype may be more susceptible...

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an important cause of diarrhoea in children and piglets. Infection of ETEC results in fluid secretion and electrolyte losses in the small intestine. In this study the effects of tempeh, a traditional fungal fermented soybean product, on fluid losses induced by ETEC infection in piglets was investigated. Pairs of ETEC-infected and non-infected small int...

The heat-labile toxin (LT) is one of the major virulence factors of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). We recently described that 20 polymorphic LT variants are present in ETEC strains isolated globally. Two of the variants, LT1 and LT2, are particularly common and we found that they were associated with clonal ETEC lineages that express the colonization factors (CFs), CFA/I, CS1+CS3, CS2...

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a common cause of profuse watery diarrhoea in the developing world, often leading to severe dehydration or death. We found only 15 population-based studies in low and medium human development index (HDI) countries from 1984 to 2005 that evaluate disease incidence. Reported incidence ranged from 39 to 4460 infections/1000 persons per year. The peak inci...

Abstract Supplementation of various Bacillus spp. has shown to improve growth performance, immune responses, and gut health newly weaned pigs. The present study investigated the effects dietary supplementation 109 CFU/kg (B.) amyloliquefaciens on diarrhea, systemic immunity, intestinal microbiome pigs with or without enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) challenge. An antibiotic treatment was...

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Bacillus licheniformis PF9 on growth performance and gut health weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4. Thirty-two susceptible ETEC F4 were randomly allocated 4 treatments 1) NNC, basal diet non-challenged; 2) NC, diet; 3) PC, + 80 mg·kg-1 Avilamycin; 4) PF9, 109 cfu/kg PF9. decreased average daily gain incr...

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains were detected by stool blot hybridization assays using different oligonucleotide probes for the colonization fimbrial antigen F4, heat-stable enterotoxin I (ST I), and heat-labile enterotoxin (LT I) genes. Forty-eight fecal samples and seven samples of intestinal content from ETEC-challenged newborn piglets were processed in two ways: (i) by direc...

Although heat-stable (ST) and heat-labile (LT) enterotoxins produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) have been documented as important factors associated with diarrheal diseases, investigations assessing the contributions of individual enterotoxins to the pathogenesis of E. coli infection have been limited. To address the individual roles of enterotoxins in the diarrheal disease caus...

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains that produce K88 (F4)+ fi mbria are important causes of diarrhea and post-diarrheal septicemia in swine. ETEC O8:K87, a serotype represented by a number of these strains, is typically serum resistant. Strain-specifi c antibodies are known to activate alternative C pathway-mediated killing of other serum-resistant E. coli [Hill, A.W., Shears, A.L.,...