introduction: any rise in health expenditure is the main concern of householders and policymakers. a few studies have been conducted on assessing the determinants of expenditures and environmental quality from a macroeconomic point of view. this paper aimed to investigate the relationship between health expenditure and environmental quality in more than 114 developing countries between 1995 and...

At the present epoch, clusters of galaxies are known to be a hostile environment for emission-line galaxies, which are more commonly found in low density regions outside of clusters. In contrast, going to higher redshifts the population of emission-line galaxies in clusters becomes progressively more conspicuous, and large numbers of star-forming late-type galaxies are observed. I present an ov...

This paper presents a genetic algorithm based approach for solving the thermal generation dispatch with emission constraints. New encoding/decoding techniques are developed in the work. The chromosome contains only an encoding of the normalized system incremental cost. Therefore, the total number of bits of chromosome is entirely independent of the number of units. Moreover, the approach can ta...

We use theoretical and numerical general equilibrium models to analyze the Regional Greenhouse Gas Emission Initiative (RGGI), a cap-and-trade scheme to limit carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generators across ten states in the northeast U.S. Although RGGI’s economic impacts are small, they induce substantial increases in power exports from unconstrained states which result in emission...

[...] I salute the efforts and agreements being made (in favor of sustainable development) [...] But we must realize that the water crisis and the aggression to the environment is not the cause. The cause is the model of civilization that we have created. And the thing we have to reexamine is our way of life [...] Development cannot go against happiness. It has to work in favor of human happine...

nowadays, the environmental impact of transportation project and, especially air pollution impacts, are major concerns in evaluating transportation projects. based on this concern, beside definition of traditional objective functions like total travel time and total investment cost, different type of environmental related function is considered as objective function in urban network design. in...

This paper discusses results from the MATTER project (MATerials Technologies for greenhouse gas Emission Reduction). The goal of the project is to provide more insight into the potentials to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Western Europe through changes in the production of materials and the use of materials. GHG emission reduction is one of the key environmental problems for the susta...

This chapter addresses a topical issue: the creation of a global market for carbon dioxide (CO2) emission permits.1 The recent adoption in the Kyoto Protocol of an ambitious target for global CO2 emission has focused attention on policy instruments for achieving this goal. In addition, increasing awareness of the economic burden of environmental protection has produced an interest in market-bas...

Identifying the environmental impact of construction operations would be the first step to implement environmentally sustainable construction operations. To this end, it is essential to reliably estimate the emissions from construction equipment, which account for the largest share for the total impacts of construction operations. This paper presents a methodology to integrate discrete-event si...

In power plants, stacks are usually not instrumented to measure NOx emissions on a regular basis. Thus, the available emission data is always very limited, and often uncertain and imprecise. This makes the modeling for emission reduction by statistical methods extremely difficult. In this work, a novel fuzzy m.odeling methodology is developed to generate a reliable emission model with only limi...