PURPOSE High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is a proinflammatory, DAMP protein that participates in many pathological conditions. In this study, we evaluated the usability of CSF HMGB1 as a biomarker for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). METHODS A total of 59 TBM patients and 169 control patients were included in our study. CSF samples were obtained and analyzed for HMGB1 using a c...

The clinical and mycobacterial features of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) cases in China are not well described; especially in western provinces with poor tuberculosis control. We prospectively enrolled patients in whom TBM was considered in Shaanxi Province, northwestern China, over a 2-year period (September 2010 to December 2012). Cerebrospinal fluid specimens were cultured for Mycobacterium t...

In France, Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination by multipuncture device was withdrawn in 2006. In 2007, universal mandatory BCG vaccination was replaced by vaccination of high-risk children. To evaluate the impact of these changes on tuberculous meningitis (TBM) epidemiology, data on culture-positive and culture-negative (or unknown microbiological result) TBM in ≤5 years olds were collec...

Information concerning the size and shape of tunnel boring machine (TBM) debris is essential for designing efficient loading, hauling and dumping systems for TBM excavation. It is also very important in deciding how to recycle the TBM debris. However, only very limited information is available at present, and theoretical or calculation methods to estimate the size and shape are still open to di...

OBJECTIVES The study aimed at describing characteristics and outcome of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) in HIV-positive patients and comparing these parameters with those of extrapulmonary TB (TBEP) and pulmonary TB (TBP). METHODS Kaplan-Meier estimation and Poisson regression models were used to assess the mortality following TB diagnosis and to evaluate potential prognostic factors for the 3 g...

A structural study of the inclusion compound of tolbutamide (TBM) with beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) was attempted by means of 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) experiments and computer molecular modelling. To establish the stoichiometry and stability constant of the beta-CD:TBM complex, the continuous variation method was used. The presence o...

The anomalous orientation of musculature of the first dorsal fibro-osseous compartment of the wrist is clinically relevant to De Quervian's stenosing tenosynovitis and reconstructive surgeries. Split insertion of the abductor pollicis longus (APL) is commonly found in chimpanzees, gorillas and gibbons. A comparable identical pattern of anomalous slips in humans is of anthropological and phyloge...

More than 5,000 km separates the frequently disturbed coral reefs of the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) from western sources of population replenishment. It has been hypothesized that El Niño events facilitate eastward dispersal across this East Pacific Barrier (EPB). Here we present a biophysical coral larval dispersal model driven by 14.5 years of high-resolution surface ocean current data in...

The study of downtime and subsequently machine utilization in a given project is one of the major requirements of an accurate estimation of TBM performance and daily advance rate. Interestingly, while it is very common to report the components of downtime when discussing a tunneling project in the literature; there has not been a great amount of in-depth studies on this topic in the recent year...