Human breast cancer remains the most common malignancy in the American women. The ultimate cure of this disease relies on a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of this disease. The neoplastic transformation of HBEC in vitro represents a successful model for obtaining knowledge on the molecular and biological alterations that may contribute to the tum...

Due to the exclusively maternal inheritance of mitochondria, mitochondrial genotypes can be coupled to a particular nuclear genotype by continuous mating of founder females and their female offspring to males of the desired nuclear genotype. However, backcrossing is a gradual procedure that, apart from being lengthy, cannot ascertain that genetic and epigenetic changes will modify the original ...

Nuclear transfer experiments in mammals have shown that the nucleus of an adult cell has the ability to direct the development of an entire organism, id est its genome is totipotent. However, these experiments did not conclusively demonstrate that the nuclei of terminally differentiated adult cells remain totipotent. It is possible that rare adult stem cells served as donors for the few survivi...

BACKGROUND Reconstructed embryos from terminally differentiated somatic cells have revealed high levels of genomic methylation which results in inappropriate expression patterns of imprinted and non-imprinted genes. These aberrant expressions are probably responsible for different abnormalities during the development of clones. Improvement in cloning competency may be achieved through modificat...

multiple gene silencing is being required to target and tangle metabolic pathways in eukaryotes and researchers have to develop a subtle method for construction of rna interference (rnai) cassettes. although, several vectors have been developed due to different screening and cloning strategies but still some potential limitations remain to be dissolved. here, we worked out a simple cloning stra...

While the developing fetus is largely shielded from the external environment through the protective barrier provided by the placenta, it is increasingly appreciated that environmental agents are able to cross and even accumulate in this vital organ for fetal development. To examine the potential influence of environmental pollutants on the placenta, we assessed the relationship between polybrom...

Hybrid necrosis, caused by complementary genes Ne1 and Ne2, is a serious barrier for combining desirable traits from different genotypes of wheat, affecting the full utilisation heterosis. To date, both Ne2 are still not isolated although they were documented decades ago. We report here map-based cloning functional characterisation encoding coiled coil–nucleotide-binding site–leucine-rich repea...

Abstract No-cloning theorem forbids perfect cloning of an unknown quantum state. A universal machine (UQCM), capable producing two copies any input qubit with the optimal fidelity, is fundamental interest and has applications in information processing. This enabled by delicately tailored nonclassical correlations between copying qubits, which distinguish UQCM from a classical counterpart, but w...