Adenovirus binds its receptor (CAR), enters cells, and replicates. It must then escape to the environment to infect a new host. We found that following infection, human airway epithelia first released adenovirus to the basolateral surface. Virus then traveled between epithelial cells to emerge on the apical surface. Adenovirus fiber protein, which is produced during viral replication, facilitat...

Diabetic retinopathy is a frequent eyesight threatening complication of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Under physiological conditions, the inner and the outer blood-retinal barriers protect the retina by regulating ion, protein, and water flux into and out of the retina. During diabetic retinopathy, many factors, including inflammation, contribute to the rupture of the inner and/or the outer blood...

Rapid mobilization of leucocytes through endothelial and epithelial barriers is key in immune system reactivity. The underlying mechanisms that regulate these processes have been the basis for many recent studies. Traditionally, leucocyte extravasation had been believed to occur through a paracellular route, which involves localized disruption of endothelial cell junctions. However, more recent...

For opportunistic pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the mucosal barrier represents a formidable challenge. Infections develop only in patients with altered epithelial barriers. Here, we showed that P. aeruginosa interacts with a polarized epithelium, adhering almost exclusively at sites of multi-cellular junctions. In these sites, numerous bacteria attach to an extruded apoptotic cell o...

Epithelial tubes of the correct size and shape are vital for the function of the lungs, kidneys, and vascular system, yet little is known about epithelial tube size regulation. Mutations in the Drosophila gene sinuous have previously been shown to cause tracheal tubes to be elongated and have diameter increases. Our genetic analysis using a sinuous null mutation suggests that sinuous functions ...

Background: Staphylococci are recognized worldwide as one of the most important etiological agents of bovine mastitis due to their virulence factors such as their ability to penetrate inside mammary epithelial cells and their ability to form biofilm. Aims: The objectives of this study were to establish a model of primary mammary epithelial cells origin...

the purpose of this study was identification and applying ahp method in prioritization and comparison educational barriers and sustainable development on production of edible insects as diets from the viewpoint of selected groups. it was an applied research, research method was analytical, descriptive and statistical society was four groups of specialists, livestock and poultry producers, insec...

abstract-cervicovaginal cytology is still a widely used cancer screening method that is well established in most countries. the present study aims at detecting and classifying squamous intraepithelial abnormalities and effects of certain infectious agents, particularly the cytopathic effects of human papillomavirus (hpv) in a series of cervicovaginal smears, according to the bethesda system (tb...

focal epithelial hyperplasia (feh) or heck’s disease is a rare viral infection of the oral mucosa caused by human papilloma virus especially subtypes 13 or 32. the frequency of this disease varies widely from one geographic region and ethnic groups to another. this paper reports an iranian case of extensive focal epithelial hyperplasia. a 35-year-old man with feh is described, in whom the lesio...