background: households’ financial protection against health payments and expenditures and equity in utilization of health care services are of the most important tasks of governments. this study aims to measuring equity in household’s health care payments according to fairness in financial contribution (ffc) and kakwani indices in tehran-iran, 2013. methods: this cross-sectional study was condu...

We provide empirical evidence that investors are influenced by their coworkers when they make equity investment decisions. Using a rich dataset of 401(k) plans, we show that individuals are likely to increase (decrease) their risky share when they have lower (higher) equity exposure than their coworkers in the past period. The effect is especially strong when the difference of equity exposure i...

using cross-provinces and panel regressions, this paper investigates the interrelationship between gender equality and fertility in iran for the period 2007-2012. the article attempts to explain the low fertility rate in iran by distinguishing between two types of gender equity, i.e. gender equity in individual-oriented institutions and gender equity in family-oriented institutions. for this pu...

A strong private equity market is a cornerstone for commercialization and innovation in modern economies. However, substantial differences exist in the relative amounts raised and invested in private equity across European countries. We investigate the macro-determinants of private equity investment in Europe, focusing on the comparison between CEE and Western European countries. Our estimation...

In this essay, I outline the hypothesis that the preeminence of Silicon Valley as an incubator of technology is attributable to equity compensation. Ronald Gilson, relying on the work of AnnaLee Saxenian, and others who have noted the tendency of Silicon Valley employees to job hop, has suggested that California law prohibiting the enforcement of non-compete agreements was a major factor in the...

We study the contemporaneous and intertemporal partial relation between T-bond pricing and changes in equity risk, as measured by the implied volatility from equity-index options. Our 1992 to 2007 sample is attractive because of the modest inflation risk and sizable time-series variability in equity risk. Over 1997 to 2007 and for inclusive one-half and one-quarter subperiods, we find that the ...

We estimate the sensitivity of investment to the cost of outside equity for young firms. For estimation, we exploit differences across firms in eligibility to a new tax relief program for individual outside investors in the UK. On average, investment increases 1.5% in response to a 10% drop in the cost of outside equity. This average conceals substantial heterogeneity: 1% of eligible firms issu...

This paper sets out to address the issue of equity duration, one of several risk measures available for asset and liability management. Equity duration, as derived from the use of traditional dividend discount models, results in extremely long duration estimates for equities often in excess of 50 years for growth stocks. Leibowitz, in his seminal paper (1986), identified an alternative framewor...

Equity is a core value of Health Impact Assessment (HIA). Many compelling moral, economic, and health arguments exist for prioritizing and incorporating equity considerations in HIA practice. Decision-makers, stakeholders, and HIA practitioners see the value of HIAs in uncovering the impacts of policy and planning decisions on various population subgroups, developing and prioritizing specific a...