the public has grown rapidly—to the point that, compared with the total output of the economy, it is now higher than it has ever been except during the period around World War II. The recent increase in debt has been the result of three sets of factors: an imbalance between federal revenues and spending that predates the recession and the recent turmoil in financial markets, sharply lower reven...

Polybius was right. The world must be seen as an organic whole where everything affects everything else. That being the case, we are faced with such complexity that attempts to understand the full ramifications of any given event or person's life are fraught with peril, including the attempt to understand Alexander D. Langmuir's impact on public health. Some people are indeed "larger than life"...

Like in most other countries after World War II, in the Netherlands the traditional system of educational quality control came to a definite end. This system was characterised by small numbers of students and intensive personal contact between the university professor and his (or in exceptional cases: her graduates). This enabled the individual professor’s status as a scholar to be taken as evi...

I was a boy at the Royal Belfast Academical Institution during World War 1. I suppose one of my most vivid recollections of that period was reading the morning paper on July 2 1916 and seeing the entire front page filled with the names of those who had been killed the day before in the Battle of the Somme. I was a member of the Inst Officers Training Corps, and we took our training very serious...

Starting in the mid-19th century, the Russian authorities promoted rapid economic modernisation while trying to maintain the traditional social order and political absolutism. State-led industrialisation, however, created new social groups, such as urban workers; enlarged the intelligentsia; and facilitated contact between villages and urban centres. These changes also increased the burden of t...

It covers research, teaching, departmental governance, students and social life. It also highlights the extraordinary contributions made to the war effort in both the first and second world wars. From its first professors, A. Wilhelm Hofmann and Edward Frankland, the department has been home to many eminent chemists, including, in the later twentieth century, the Nobel laureates Derek Barton an...

The Theater of the Absurd is a new form of drama after The Second World War. Playwrights of the Theater of the Absurd reveal the conditions of human beings’ existence in modern society. This paper analyzes the artistic features and themes of the Theater of the Absurd.

Evolutionary understanding of behaviour of firms is gradually becoming more accepted in a variety of disciplines such as economics, management and organization. Contributing to a multidisciplinary understanding of strategic behaviour, this paper analyzes foreign direct investment strategies of US firms in Europe since the second world war. Taking routinized investment behaviour, satisficing str...