BACKGROUND The reinforcing properties of orally self-administered drugs have been evaluated by using choice procedures. The preference for the drug over a nondrug alternative has indicated that the drug has greater value than the nondrug alternative as a reinforcer at some drug concentrations. However, at large drug concentrations, the fluid deliveries of the drug may be equal to or less than t...

­ We document an experimental study to optimize yield of an ethanol distillation process. The yield is expressed in terms of concentration of the ethanol obtained, and the profit from the process. Concentration is a function of six input factors that can be varied within a given range. Profit is a function of the revenue (which depends on the concentration of ethanol achieved) and costs (which ...

A solution--diffusion model for the permeation of liquid mixtures through polymeric membranes taking into account coupling of fluxes has been developed. The model is applied to the separation by pervaporation of ethanol-water mixtures through cellulose acetate. In order to determine the activities of the permeating components in the polymeric membrane, values of polymer-liquid and liquid---liqu...

Doxorubicin is an antineoplastic drug which undergoes oxidation-reduction cycling and produces toxicity to some cancer cell lines. Since oxidation-reduction cycling requires reducing equivalents and because ethanol metabolism via alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) increases NADH, the effect of ethanol on doxorubicin toxicity was examined in cultured cells. Since some cells exhibit resistance to anthra...

Production of high value products from glycerol via anaerobic fermentation is of utmost importance for the biodiesel industry. The microorganism Escherichia coli (E. coli) K12 was used for fermentation of glycerol. The effects of glycerol concentration and headspace conditions on the cell growth, ethanol and hydrogen production were investigated. A full factorial experimental design with 3 repl...

ethanol producing bacteria are useful in industrial production of biofuel. there are interesting for screening of active bacteria from natural resources and introduce to biofuel industries. the present study aims to isolation of ethanol producing bacteria with characterization, optimization, and evaluation of their ethanol productivity. samples from various fruits, plant saps and soils were scr...