E. Nemitz, M. A. Sutton, G. P. Wyers, R. P. Otjes, M. G. Mennen, E. M. van Putten, and M. W. Gallagher Atmospheric Sciences, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Edinburgh Research Station, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, United Kingdom Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Postbus 1, 1755 Petten ZG, The Netherlands National Institute of Public Health and Environment ...

istorically, the Christian tradition has heavily relied on Aristotle’s ethical philosophy to provide a conceptual basis for the articulation of its own ethical doctrines, but Aristotle’s concepts are coming up less and less frequently in contemporary ethical debates. The Roman Catholic Church, however, continues to be characterized by their reliance on Aristotelian formulations of theological d...

Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems analyze and/or generate human language, typically on users’ behalf. One natural and necessary question that needs to be addressed in this context, both in research projects and in production settings, is the question how ethical the work is, both regarding the process and its outcome. Towards this end, we articulate a set of issues, propose a set of bes...

; Numerous studies have provided supportive evidence for the efficacy of exposure-based treatments for many psychological disorders. However, surprisingly few therapists use exposure therapy in the clinical setting. Although the limited use of exposure-based treatments may be partially attributable to a shortage of suitably trained therapists, exposure therapy also suffers from a “public relati...

This paper presents a nanoscale case-study that applies an integrative approach to teaching engineering ethics. This case study involves an NSF-sponsored report on converging technologies for improving human performance. Public debate is widening, policy makers are demanding explicit consideration of ethical, legal, and social aspects, and popular books are explaining the achievements and promi...

Although clinical ethics has become a central, and welcome, component of the health care landscape, research ethics consultation services are still uncommon. Indeed, the usual approach to ethical concerns in research with human subjects has been primarily a regulatory one. Nonetheless, ethical problems also arise in the context of research and thus collaborations between investigators and resea...

TRUTH-TELLER, a program for testing a Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) knowledge representation in practical ethics, compares cases presenting ethical dilemmas about whether to tell the truth. Its comparisons list ethically relevant similarities and differences (i.e., reasons for telling or not telling the truth which apply to both cases, and reasons which apply more strongly in one case than another...

Governments, international agencies and corporations are increasingly investing in traditional herbal medicine research. Yet little literature addresses ethical challenges in this research. In this paper, we apply concepts in a comprehensive ethical framework for clinical research to international traditional herbal medicine research. We examine in detail three key, underappreciated dimensions ...

As robot technology is progressing quickly and robots are becoming more sophisticated both in terms of their appearance as well as in terms of their capabilities, it is time to reflect on the special role of robots among other artifacts. Specifically, we argue that embodiment and autonomy are distinguishing features that will cause humans to treat robots different from computers or cars. In thi...

Much existing affective computing research focuses on systems designed to use information related to emotion to benefit users. Many technologies are used in situations their designers didn't anticipate and would not have intended. This thesis discusses several adversarial uses of affective computing: use of systems with the goal of hindering some users. The approach taken is twofold: first expe...