abstract background and purpose: ethical climate is hinged upon organizational culture, rules, and policies; nurses’ perception of this concept varies according to the ward they are working on and the new rules of the treatment system. this can exert adverse impact on their care method and performance. thus, this study aimed to determine nurses’ perceptions of the ethical climate governing the ...

Background: Sepsis is one of the most important causes of death in infants. The pattern of bacterial agents responsible for neonatal septicemia changes over time. The main aim of the present study was to provide a clinical guideline adapted for treatment of neonatal sepsis based on the frequency of microbial agents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Alzahra Hospital, Tabriz, Iran.Meth...

one of the fundamental issues in the ethics of medical researches is cost-benefit assessment which consists a main part of related codes. this article is aimed to propose a model for ethical assessment of researches with judgment about their costs and benefits. after reviewing related materials and our experiences and discussions with experts, we proposed a model for ethical assessment of costs...

abstract background: in developing countries, hemorrhage accounts for 30% of the maternal deaths. postpartum hemorrhage has been defined as blood loss of around 500 ml or more, after completing the third phase of labor. most cases of postpartum hemorrhage occur during the first hour after birth. the most common reason for bleeding in the early hours after childbirth is uterine atony bleeding du...

results the total number of time-loss injuries and matches missed rose from 129 and 506 respectively in 2008 - 2009 to 202 and 1110 in 2010 - 2011. following the introduction of ‘minimum medical standards’, both categories decreased (significantly for matches missed). these time-loss injuries and matches missed led to high costs of up to aud$ 37,317,029.29 (2012 - 2013 season). the same trend w...

background: one of the domains of scientific activities is working on animals. performing experiments on animals is per­missible only with the purpose of obtaining necessary information for saving and improving life of human be­ings or ani­mals. principally, all religions believe that human life is more valuable than animal life and humans have a god-given au­thority over animals, but they shou...

more than a decade ago, personalized medicine was presented in modern medicine. personalized medicine means that the right drug should be prescribed for the right patient based on genetic data. no doubt is developing medical sciences, and its shift into personalized medicine complicates ethical challenges more than before. in this review, we categorized all probable ethical considerations of pe...

results of 153 patients, 96.8% received pc and 54.9% transfused ffp during or after surgery. most of the transfusions were done after operation in intensive care unit (icu). also, 20% and 17% of the patients underwent transfusion of more than 6 units of pc and ffp, respectively. the mean left ventricular ejection fraction of the patients was 42.5 ± 10.9%. a significant number of patients had an...

introduction: diabetes is one of the usual medical problems that had an important negative effect on patient’s health. researches demonstrate that there is a wide gap between recommended medical actions and received care by patients with diabetes. the aim of study was to assess the quality of care provided to patients with type 2 diabetes. materials and methods: a cross-sectional study was carr...