mystical language has always been one of the most prominent fields of investigation since the very beginning of its evolution. it has also been taken deep into account not only by the mystics, but also by the researchers concerned. after the flourishing of theorising in the 20th century, and the emergence of the theory of formalism, due to its analytical and scientific strength, many researcher...

In the majority of chapters of this book, the psychotomimetic, psychedelic, and hallucinogenic effects of LSD-25, and in this connection, the possible beneficial and damaging actions of this drug, have been described and discussed. Such considerations belong in the realm of the psychiatrist, psychologist, sociologist, geneticist, and possibly even the theologian and student of mysticism. In the...

islamic mysticism or sufism is one of the most outstanding appearances of islamic culture that has had a fundamental and undeniable role in the history of islam. a careful study of the history and development of the movements of islamic culture shows that this movement, like most other ones, has been originated from, developed, and cultivated in an islamic environment, though it has undoubtedly...

Public health interventions usually operate at the level of groups rather than individuals, and cluster randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are one means of evaluating their effectiveness. Using examples from six such trials in Bangladesh, India, Malawi and Nepal, we discuss our experience of the ethical issues that arise in their conduct. We set cluster RCTs in the broader context of public he...

Facebook’s experimental manipulation of newsfeed content and the subsequent PNAS publication of significant findings from it (1) have drawn attention to the regulation of human participation in academic research and to the differences between commercial and academic research. Those events were recognized in an Expression of Concern in PNAS (2). In commerce and on the Internet, experimentation i...

This article analyzes the religio-ethical discussions of Muslim religious scholars, which took place in Europe specifically in the UK and the Netherlands, on organ donation. After introductory notes on fatwas (Islamic religious guidelines) relevant to biomedical ethics and the socio-political context in which discussions on organ donation took place, the article studies three specific fatwas is...

Background Multi-centre studies generally cost more than single-centre studies because of larger sample sizes and the need for multiple ethical approvals. Multi-centre studies include clinical trials, clinical quality registries, observational studies and implementation studies. We examined the costs of two large Australian multi-centre studies in obtaining ethical and site-specific approvals. ...

Seeking ethics committee approval for research can be challenging even for relatively simple studies occurring in single settings. Complicating factors such as multicentre studies and/or contentious research issues can challenge review processes, and conducting such studies internationally adds a further layer of complexity. This paper draws on the experiences of the LINNAEUS Collaboration, an ...