BACKGROUND Numerous factors may influence Schistosoma infection intensity and prevalence within endemic communities, including exposure-related factors such as local environment and behaviour, and factors relating to susceptibility to infection such as immunology and genetics. While animal studies performed in the laboratory can be tightly controlled, human populations are highly heterogeneous,...

OBJECTIVE To survey public attitudes about incentives for smoking cessation in pregnancy and for breast feeding to inform trial design. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS British general public. METHODS Seven promising incentive strategies had been identified from evidence syntheses and qualitative interview data from service users and providers. These were shopping v...

CYP2C19 polymorphism is associated with pretreatment drug response prediction, metabolism, and disposition. Pakistan consists of a population comprising of various ethnic groups residing in different regions of the country each claiming diverse ethnic origins. The identification of CYP450 genotypic composition of these populations is therefore necessary to avoid adverse drug reactions in these ...

behaviour studies indicated that the permethrin resistant strin of an. stephensi was 3-fold resistant to knock-down compared with the susceptible strain. the resistant strain was however 3-fold less irritable to permethrin and less responsive than the susceptible strain to the movement of an aspirator. if reduced irritability and reduced responsiveness to catch are consequences of the changes i...

a cross-sectional study with children's and parents' self-completed questionnaires was carried out to evaluate parents' ideas on children's risk-takjng behaviours and children's risky activities after school hours by age (7 and 9 years) and sex. nine elementary schools were randomly selected and 476 puphs aged seven and nine years and 471 parents were studied. most pare...

The American Diabetes Association and the European for Study of consensus statement 2022 effectively captures changing paradigm modern diabetes care. As emphasized in guidelines, a person-centered decision cycle focusing on preventing complications improving quality life is driving principle behind management. Other notable features document are its emphasis self-management education, therapeut...

the present paper subject is analysis of socioeconomic and cultural issues affecting electoral participation in turks, kurds and baluch. the theoretical framework of the study based on lipset and huntington's approach to analyzing the impact of economic development on democratization and the recent opinion of the thinkers, such as almond and verba and jill on the effect of culture on democ...