BACKGROUND In the treatment of psoriasis, biologic agents are more expensive than conventional therapy while showing similar or superior efficacy. However, their efficiency in terms of cost/efficacy (cost per responder in clinical trial conditions) is unknown. OBJECTIVE. To estimate the cost/efficacy ratios of adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab, and efalizumab in the management of moderate to s...

In the aftermath of the euro cash changeover consumers’ inflation perceptions rose substantially in the euro area countries while actual inflation figures remained almost unchanged. During that period media reporting on the potentially large inflationary effect of the euro introduction intensified. In this paper we argue that the information set of the public has been distorted through the sign...

BACKGROUND Psychosis can be associated with acute recreational drug and novel psychoactive substance (NPS) toxicity. However, there is limited data available on how common this is and which drugs are most frequently implicated. We describe a European case series of psychosis associated with acute recreational drug toxicity, and estimate the frequency of psychosis for different recreational drug...

Avicenna Virtual Campus (AVC) is UNESCO-led, multi-cultural EUMEDIS pilot project. It involves partners from sixteen Euro-Mediterranean states. Each partner contributes through a node called Avicenna Knowledge Centre (AKC), which produces e-courses and e-learning objects. For seek of interoperability, partners setup a pedagogical standard to guide the production process of learning objects. Fur...

Based on a more realistic assumption, we modify the Taylor regression. The modified Taylor regression gives an explanation of why the (standard) Taylor regression is spurious (in the econometric sense, i.e. no stable relationship among the variables of interest) and, at the same time, a solution as to how central bank monetary policy can still be described by the Taylor rule. An empirical examp...

The objective of this research is to provide a statistical measurement to predict the likely winners of international football tournaments with particular reference to the Euro 2008 football tournament. This research argues that there exists a positive relationship between the competitive balance and success in international football tournaments. The level of the competitive balance in a domest...

We use a time-varying copula model to investigate the impact of the introduction of the Euro on the dependence between seventeen European stock markets during the period 1994-2003. The model is implemented with a GJR-GARCH-t model for marginal distributions and the Gaussian copula for the joint distribution, which allows capturing time-varying, non-linear relationships. The results show that wi...

The tests were carried out in accordance with the WLTP (Worldwide Light Duty Test Procedure), on a passenger car compression ignition engine. analysis was conducted doe following variables: vehicle speed, exhaust emission rate and fuel consumption volumetric rate. subject of research are components that harmful to health living organisms: carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons nitrogen oxides, as well g...

This paper investigates whether the degree and the nature of economic and monetary policy interdependence between the United States and the euro area have changed with the advent of EMU. Using real-time data, it addresses this issue from the perspective of financial markets by analysing the effects of monetary policy announcements and macroeconomic news on daily interest rates in the United Sta...