PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive validity of teacher report for assessing the emergent literacy skills of preschool-age children. The aims were twofold: (a) to examine predictive relationships between teacher report and direct behavioral assessment, and (b) to examine the extent to which teacher report accurately differentiates children who are exhibiting low le...

We developed a framework for assessing country-level efforts to link research to action. The framework has four elements. The first element assesses the general climate (how those who fund research, universities, researchers and users of research support or place value on efforts to link research to action). The second element addresses the production of research (how priority setting ensures t...

Evidence synthesis is increasingly common in health technology assessments (HTAs). The question of how one treatment compares relative to another is usually assessed via randomized controlled trials (RCTs). One familiar form of evidence synthesis is meta-analysis, defined as “the statistical analysis of a large collection of individual studies for the purposes of integrating the findings” or “a...

Study selection Study designs of evaluations included in the review All study designs excluding letters, case reports and single case studies were included in the review. Studies reported in the review included: RCTs, controlled multiple crossover, controlled nonrandomized concurrent control, controlled nonrandomized historical control, uncontrolled case series, uncontrolled retrospective case ...

Dynamic architectural change is defined as the addition and removal of components and connectors. Dynamic software architectures are those architectures that modify their architecture and enact the modifications during the system’s execution. This behavior is most commonly known as run-time evolution or dynamism. As dynamic software architecture use becomes more widespread, it is important to g...

The paper deals with protocol architectures to support mapping of Quality of Service (QoS) between protocol layers of telecommunication networks. A Technology Independent – Service Access Point (TI-SAP) is studied to this aim. Inherent TI-SAP mapping operations introduce the generalization of the regular concept of equivalent bandwidth (EqB). Some performance evaluation is proposed to highlight...

In Wireless communications the traffic across a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) can be highly vulnerable to security threats. Because of the features like unreliability of wireless links between nodes, constantly changing topology, restricted battery power, lack of centralized control and others, the mobile ad hoc networks are more prone to suffer from the malicious behaviors than the traditional...

BACKGROUND The ability to do online searches for health information has led to concerns that patients find the results confusing and that they often lead to expectations for treatments that have little supportive evidence. At the same time, the science of summarizing research evidence has advanced to the point where it is increasingly possible to quantify treatment tradeoffs and to describe the...

Many shelters euthanize or restrict adoptions for dogs that exhibit food guarding while in the animal shelter. However, previous research showed that only half the dogs exhibiting food guarding during an assessment food guard in the home. So, dogs are often misidentified as future food guarders during shelter assessments. We examined the impact of shelters omitting food guarding assessments. Ni...

The Canadian Common Drug Review (CDR) was established in 2003 to Abstract provide a single process for making formulary recommendations to most Canadian publicly funded drug plans. This paper considers the most common challenges faced by the CDR: (a) determining the effectiveness of a drug (particularly interpreting the importance of surrogate markers and changes in QOL measures); (b) the massi...