We prove that the endomorphism monoid of the infinite random graph R contains as a submonoid an isomorphic copy of each countable monoid. As a corollary, the monoid of R does not satisfy any non-trivial semigroup identity. We also prove that the full transformation monoid on a countably infinite set is isomorphic to a submonoid of the monoid of R.

The closure of a regular language under a [partial] commutation I has been extensively studied. We present new advances on two problems of this area: (1) When is the closure of a regular language under [partial] commutation still regular? (2) Are there any robust classes of languages closed under [partial] commutation? We show that the class Pol(G) of polynomials of group languages is closed un...

A regular realizability (RR) problem is testing nonemptiness of intersection of some fixed language (filter) with a regular language. We show that RR problems are universal in the following sense. For any language L there exists RR problem equivalent to L under disjunctive reductions on nondeterministic log space. We conclude from this result an existence of complete problems under polynomial r...

In this paper we lift the result of Hashiguchi of decidability of the restricted star-height problem for words to the level of finite trees. Formally, we show that it is decidable, given a regular tree language L and a natural number k whether L can be described by a disjunctive μ-calculus formula with at most k nesting of fixpoints. We show the same result for disjunctive μ-formulas allowing s...

It is the purpose of this paper to construct unique factorization (uf) monoids and domains. The principal results are: (1) The free product of a well-ordered set of monoids is a uf-monoid iff every monoid in the set is a uf-monoid. (2) If M is an ordered monoid and F is a field, the ring ^[[iW"]] of all formal power series with well-ordered support is a uf-domain iff M is naturally ordered (i.e...

A new digital signature scheme in non-commutative Gaussian monoid is presented. Two algebraic structures are employed: Gaussian monoid and a certain module being compatible with a monoid. For both monoid and module, presentation and action level attributes are defined. Monoid action level is defined as monoid element (word) action on module element as an operator. A module is a set of functions...

We study a monoid associated to complex semisimple Lie algebras, called the quantic monoid. Its monoid ring is shown to be isomorphic to a degenerate quantized enveloping algebra. Moreover, we provide normal forms and a straightening algorithm for this monoid. All these results are proved by a realization in terms of representations of quivers, namely as the monoid of generic extensions of a qu...