Understanding three-dimensional (3D) morphology of the ankle is essential for a better total ankle replacement. Current designs neither mimic the articular geometry at the bearing surface interfaces nor match the native bony bed with the implant's external dimensions. This is likely due to insufficient anthropometric data on sizing and geometry. We performed this study to determine the range of...

abstract rosa damascena has attracted considerable attention in horticulture, biochemistry and in pharmacology because of the fragrance of the flowers and the high content of its bio-logically active substances. there is limited information available on factors controlling flower yield and its components. the present study reports an investigation on flower yield and the various factors affect...

abstract this reasearch was conducted to study the phenotypic diversity of thymus kotschyanus populations. seeds were collected from natural inhabitats (guilan, mazandaran, west azarbaijan, semnan and qazvin) and planted in qom reasearch station in 2007. a number of some such different morphological and phenological traits of the plants as plant,s height, leaf length, leaf width, oil content, i...

dental arch form is one of the most important characteristics of dentition. however, this dimension usually receives less attention in diagnosis or treatment planning and orthodontic patients are traditionally classified with regard to their sagittal characteristics. the objectives of this study were to investigate if a relationship exists between the dental arch width (transverse dimension) an...

During vessel evolution in angiosperms, scalariform perforation plates with many slit-like openings transformed into simple plates with a single circular opening. The transition is hypothesized to have resulted from selection for decreased hydraulic resistance. Previously, additional resistivity of scalariform plates was estimated to be small – generally 10% or less above lumen resistivity – ba...

We report a novel passively Q-switched 2 μm Tm(3+) fiber laser simply by distributed stimulated Brillouin scattering with an all-fiber configuration. The maximum output power is 2.49 W with an optical-to-optical slope efficiency of 12%, and the laser wavelength is centered at ~1991 nm with a spectral width of >10 nm. The single pulse energy can be over 50 μJ with a pulse width of about 20 ns, a...