This article summarizes current knowledge about a new subject called "skin induced tolerance". Suppression is induced via epicutaneous (EC) immunization with a protein antigen and is described in Th1, Tc1 and NK mediated contact hypersensitivity (CHS) reactions. The subject of skin-induced suppression is also described in the regulation of experimental models of autoimmune diseases like experim...

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is one of the best-documented animal models of autoimmune disease. We examined the role of CD8+CD122+ regulatory T cells, which we previously identified as naturally occurring regulatory T cells that effectively regulate CD8+ T cells, in EAE. Depletion of CD8+CD122+ regulatory T cells by in vivo administration of anti-CD122 mAb resulted in persist...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential role of prokineticin 2 (PK2), a bioactive peptide involved in multiple biological functions including immune modulation, in CNS autoimmune demyelinating disease. METHODS We investigated the expression of PK2 in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), and in patients with relapsing-remitting ...

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS) characterized by chronic inflammatory demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS). The pathology of EAE involves autoimmune CD4(+) T(h)1 cells. There is a striking inverse correlation between the occurrence of parasitic and autoimmune diseases. We demonstrate that in mice with Schistosoma manson...

Interleukin-19 (IL-19) acts as a negative-feedback regulator to limit proinflammatory response of macrophages and microglia in autocrine/paracrine manners various inflammatory diseases. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is major neuroinflammatory disease the central nervous system (CNS), but it remains uncertain how IL-19 contributes MS pathogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that deficiency aggravates experi...

γδ (gamma-delta) T cells, a small population of unconventional T cells, have been found in central nervous system lesions of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, but their function in disease activity is not clearly understood. Previous studies in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) were inconsistent in identifying their specific roles in suppressing or promoting disease pathogenesis. ...