Cerebral oedema is the most common cause of mortality and morbidity during the first day of conventional treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis in paediatric patients. It is possible that therapy contributes to its development. Risk factors that predispose to cerebral oedema should lead to an expansion of the intracellular and/or the extracellular fluid compartment(s) of the brain because water no...

BACKGROUND When challenged with extracellular fluid shear stress, vascular endothelial cells are known to release nitric oxide, an important vasodilator. Here, we show that the ability of cultured endothelial cells to sense a low range of fluid shear depends on apical membrane organelles, called cilia, and that cilia are compartments required for proper localization and function of the mechanos...

results migration of cells started on the fifth day. as a result of this migration, most cells were located on the surface of the scaffold and formed epiderm-like structure and some penetrated into the scaffold. by day 25, cells which had penetrated into the scaffold had various destinies such as becoming elongated spindle-shaped cells and creating blood vessel-like structures. conclusions adm ...

background: extracellular vesicles are particles ranged from 30 nm to 5µm and subcategorized into three groups; exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, each of which have different biological impact. lack of a standard method for the detection and isolation of mvs has led to a challenging issue that is a worth considering. in this study, we isolated mvs from the conditioned medium of uc-m...

This concept article aims to show the rationale of targeting extracellular α-Synuclein (α-Syn) from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a new strategy to remove this protein from the brain in Parkinson's disease (PD). Misfolding and intracellular aggregation of α-synuclein into Lewy bodies are thought to be crucial in the pathogenesis of PD. Recent research has shown that small amounts of monomeric an...

Extracellular water (radiobromine), plasma volume (radioiodinated human serum albumin), and peripheral plasma renin activity were measured simultaneously in men with uncomplicated, untreated essential hypertension and in normal subjects. The ratio of plasma volume to interstitial fluid volume (PV/IF) was significantly lower in hypertensive patients (0.194 vs. 0.223, P < 0.001). This could not b...

αSMA α-Smooth muscle actin AV Atrioventricular CREB cAMP response element-binding protein dpf Days postfertilization ECM Extracellular matrix EGFR Epidermal growth factor receptor ERK Extracellular signal-regulated kinase FGF10 Fibroblast growth factor 10 HH Hamburger–Hamilton hpf Hours post-fertilization IFP Interstitial fluid pressure IGF Insulin-like growth factor MAPK Mitogen-activated prot...

Background: Endoparasitoid wasps inject venom proteins at oviposition to alter host immunity. Results: The venom of Leptopilina boulardi but not of a related species contains an active extracellular SOD. Recombinant SODs inhibit the Drosophila host phenoloxidase activity. Conclusion: An extracellular SOD is secreted and active in an insect fluid. Significance: SODs may be used as immune suppres...

An increase in the packed cell volume of the blood is a typical finding in the crisis of adrenal insufficiency. Swingle, Vars and Parkins (1), by direct and indirect (dye method) measurements of blood and plasma volumes, demonstrated that a reduced plasma volume was the main cause of the increase in the relative volume of red cells. In a series of papers, Swingle and his coworkers (2, 3, 4, 5) ...

In this study we report on direct involvement of fluid shear stresses on the osteoblastic differentiation of marrow stromal cells. Rat bone marrow stromal cells were seeded in 3D porous titanium fiber mesh scaffolds and cultured for 16 days in a flow perfusion bioreactor with perfusing culture media of different viscosities while maintaining the fluid flow rate constant. This methodology allowe...