background: it is widely recognized that neuromuscular function is temperature sensitive. changes in muscle temperature may affect muscle force development. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of temperature on wrist flexor muscles endurance. methods: fifteen healthy subjects (mean age  21.13 ±1.30 years) participated in the present study.  the wrist flexor muscles endurance wa...

Intertidal zone organisms can experience transient freezing temperatures during winter low tides, but their extreme cold tolerance mechanisms are not known. Petrolisthes cinctipes is a temperate mid-high intertidal zone crab species that can experience wintertime habitat temperatures below the freezing point of seawater. We examined how cold tolerance changed during the initial phase of thermal...

Abstract Extreme cold events over North America such as the February 2021 wave have been suggested to be linked stratospheric polar vortex stretching. However, it is not resolved how robustly and on which timescales stratosphere contributes surface anomalies. Here we introduce a simple measure of activity for reanalyses model outputs. In contrast well-known influences sudden warmings (SSWs) tha...

[1] This study investigates the magnitude and spatial extent of extreme summer temperature and specific humidity events in the extratropical northern hemisphere (NHEXT) using the NCEP Reanalysis (1979–2012) and the 20 century reanalysis (1871–2010). Specifically, we look at the percentage of area exceeding standard deviation thresholds in layer-averaged (500mb–1000mb) temperature and surface-le...

In extreme environments varying from hot to cold, acidic to alkaline, and highly saline, mainly Archaea are found. Thermophilic and extremely acidophilic Archaea have a membrane that contains membrane spanning tetraether lipids. These tetra-ether membranes have a limited permeability for protons even at the high temperatures of growth and this property makes it possible for thermophilic archaea...