Introduction: The present research aimed to examine Visual Working Memory (VWM) test scores, as well as hormonal, genomic, and brain anatomic changes in the male rhesus macaques exposed to Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field (ELF-MF). Methods: Four monkeys were exposed to two different ELF-MF frequencies: 1 Hz (control) and 12 Hz (experiment) with 0.7 µT (magnitude) 4 h/d for 30 conse...

Radio Frequency (RF) engineers are faced many times with the following two questions: “What are the effects of radio waves on human health?” and, more specifically, “What health risks are associated with the use of cell phones, mobile radios, microwave radios, microwave ovens, broadcast radio and television transmitters, power lines and X-rays?” In recent times, many people have expressed an in...

For this investigation, we studied the effects of extremely low frequency pulse electromagnetic fields (ELF-PEMF) on the human cardiac signal. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) of 22 healthy volunteers before and after a short duration of ELF-PEMF exposure were recorded. The experiment was conducted under single-blind conditions. The root mean square (RMS) value of the recorded data was considered as c...

Introduction: It has been reported that cardiovascular effects are among the possible health effects of being exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF EMSs). Material and Methods: This study has been conducted to evaluate the long term effects of exposure to magnetic and electric fields on electrocardiogram signal changes. Nine power transmission posts having different vol...

Extremely Low Frequency Electric (ELF-EF) and Magnetic Field (ELF-MF) exposure is caused by different types of sources, from those related to the production, transmission, distribution electric currents, technologies common use, such as domestic appliances or transportation. Establishing levels for general public a fundamental step in health risk management process but could be challenging due ...

In 1993, The AIHA Board of Directors adopted a position statement on human exposure to extremely low frequency fields. Since that time, members of the AIHA’s Nonionizing Radiation Committee have closely followed developments in this area including publication of significant studies of potential health effects and reports of expert panels. Based upon this information, the Nonionizing Radiation C...

The effect of exposure to extremely low frequency-electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF: 3 mT, 60 Hz) on differentiation of mouse osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells was examined together with addition of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). As a marker of the differentiation, the cellular collagen content was determined by the absorbance of Sirius red-stained cells measured at the wavelength of 510-520 n...

Many environmental stressors are currently implicated in the decline of flying insects general, and important pollinator species such as honey bee. Recent studies have shown that extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF EMFs) affect many aspects insect behaviour cognition which raises potential ELF EMFs could interact with other neonicotinoid insecticides to even greater impact on in...

[1] Extremely low frequency (ELF) and very low frequency (VLF) observations have formed the cornerstone of measurement and interpretation of effects of lightning discharges on the overlying upper atmospheric regions, as well as near‐Earth space. ELF (0.3–3 kHz) and VLF (3–30 kHz) wave energy released by lightning discharges is often the agent of modification of the lower ionospheric medium that...

Epidemiological studies have found an increased leukaemia risk in children with high residential exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELFEMF). Two recent independent reanalyses of published epidemiological studies 2 found statistically significant increased risks in children with average residential exposures equal or above 0.3 or 0.4 μT (micro teslas, the unit of measure...