Microaneurysms physical weakening of the capillary walls which predisposes them to leakages. Hard exudates precipitates of lipoproteins/other proteins leaking from retinal blood vessels. Haemorrhages rupture of weakened capillaries, appearing as small dots/larger blots or 'flame' haemorrhages that track along nerve-fibre bundles in superficial retinal layers (the haemorrhage arises from larger ...

Focus on development of broadband optical communication systems is incredible since it offers combination of wide bandwidth and low losses unmatched by any other transmission medium. One of the most important changes in fiber-optic communication systems brought about by EDFAs is the expansion of regenerator spacing up to transoceanic distances. However, a new problem has arisen, that is, the ac...

We have demonstrated a dual-channel multiplexing spectral-domain optical-coherence tomography (SD-OCT) system based on a 3×3 fiber coupler for extended imaging range of whole human eye depth, with a single light source and spectrometer. OCT images of anterior segments of a human eye were sequentially performed and constructed to demonstrate an extended depth range as large as 15 mm in air. A go...

Rehabilitation of facial defects is a daunting task, requiring an individualized design of the technique for each patient. The disfigurement associated with the loss of an eye may result in significant physical and emotional problems. Various treatment modalities are available, one of which is the use of implants. Although implant-supported orbital prosthesis has a superior outcome, it may not ...

As a result of modern technological advances, cataract surgery can be seen as not only a rehabilitative operation, but a customized procedure to compensate for important sources of image degradation in the visual system of a patient, such as defocus and some aberrations. With the development of new materials, instruments and surgical techniques in ophthalmology, great progress has been achieved...

Mechano-Optical Sensors In article number 2104702, Osamu Tsutsumi and co-workers report a multilayered concept for tuning the recovery response of cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers, enabling flexible, stretchable, sensitive mechano-optical sensor with on-demand spatiotemporal resolution. The mechanical strain imposed on can be visualized quantified using commercially available camera as wel...