To the Editor: Kroger et al. (1) recently reported an interesting observation, suggesting an interaction between p53 immunohistochemical staining and high-dose chemotherapy in breast cancer. If their finding that patients staining positive for p53 seems to benefit from high-dose therapy, whereas patients with tumors not staining for p53 do not, is confirmed by others, it may influence clinical ...

The present study aimed to elucidate the role of cluster of differentiation (CD)8+, CD4+, natural killer (NK), and myeloid (CD11b+) cells in the course of the growth and rejection of experimental major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-deficient, HPV16 E6/E7-associated TC-1/A9 tumors in mice. Stable mouse lines (F30) generated by inbreeding of Balb/c and C57BL/6 strains, which were chara...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: C12 C22 C32 F30 F31 Keywords: Fractional Integration Nonlinear modelling Mean reverting process Long-memory process This paper examines the time series behavior of monthly bilateral real exchange rates (RER) on a comprehensive sample of 78 industrialized and developing countries, using the US Dollar, the UK Pound and the German Deutsche Mark as numerair...

While in principle, international payments could be carried out using any currency or set of currencies, in practice, the US dollar is predominant in international trade and financial flows. The dollar acts as a ‘vehicle currency’ in the sense that agents in non-dollar economies will generally engage in currency trade indirectly using the US dollar rather than using direct bilateral trade among...

T he impact of FDI on economic growth is neither homogeneous, nor completely clarified. Due to accumulation of capital in the host economy, FDI is expected to encourage the incorporation of new inputs and technologies in the process of production. However, the impact of FDI on economic growth is not so shaped up in empirical studies. Accordingly, while some studies remarked a positiv...

E conomic integration among countries has continued to deepen over the past decade. This is especially visible at the regional level, with the escalation of Regional Integration Agreements (RIAs) ranging from Free Trade Areas (FTAs) to Customs Unions (CUs). Nowadays, many developing countries have entered a new regional integration agreement with developed and developing countries. S...

To the Editor: Hippo et al. (1) have recently reported in an article published by Cancer Research that glypican-3 (GPC3) is a serologic marker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The results published by Hippo et al. basically confirm the findings reported previously by our laboratory (2) and by Nakatsura et al. (3). The fact that three independent laboratories using different anti-GPC3 antibodi...

BACKGROUND This investigation was designed to characterize psychotic disorders among patients originally treated as in- and outpatients by child and adolescent psychiatric services and subsequently followed-up into mid-adulthood. The age at the first onset on symptoms, possible changes in diagnoses, early signs noted prior to or upon admission to child and adolescent psychiatric care and possib...

The paper by BAUMGARTNER et al. [1] raises very important questions pertaining to the interpretation and usefulness of randomised clinical trials, the use of surrogates of little relevance to the patient and the comparison of results using group average values. However, these problems are not adequately addressed. Whilst reference is given to the Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines to defin...

The Cardiovascular Research Center (CVRC) at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai was established in 2007 and is focused on advancing our knowledge of cardiovascular diseases and translating these discoveries into effective therapies. The CVRC is currently housed in The Leon and Norma Hess Center for Science and Medicine, a state-ofthe-art clinical and research facility in New York’s Upper E...