[1] In this study, the performance of inverse threedimensional variational assimilation (I3D-Var) is investigated in terms of dissipation process for an advection-diffusion problem. The performance of I3D-Var becomes poorer with larger diffusion coefficients. However, even for strong dissipation, the cost function during early iterations in the I3D-Var decreases still much faster than it does i...

This study examines the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on agricultural sector in Ivory Coast from 1990 to 2018. Phillips-Peron tests and augmented Dickey-Fuller were employed for a unit root variables. The Johansen Cointegration test VAR used estimate stability normality. VECM analyze short-term long-term dynamics. Results reveal that FDI has negative long run relationship but signif...

This study compares simplified and advanced precision nitrogen (N) fertilization approaches for winter wheat relying on Sentinel-2 NDVI, grain yield maps, protein content. Five N treatments were compared: (1) a standard rate, calculated by typical balance (Flat-N); (2) variable rate using linear model, adopting proportional strategy (NDVI directly related) (Var-N-dir); (3) compensative inversel...

We decompose bid and ask quote log returns into three linear latent components: a common factor reflecting the informative efficient return and two noisy components capturing market side specific frictions, like liquidity-induced quote revisions. The latent return components are assumed to follow a conditionally heteroscedastic VAR(1) model where the conditional means and variances of the indiv...

This paper develops a new test to evaluate Value at Risk (VaR) forecasts. VaR is a standard risk measure widely utilized by financial institutions and regulators, yet estimating VaR is a challenging problem, and popular VaR forecast relies on unrealistic assumptions. Hence, assessing the performance of VaR is of great importance. We propose the geometric-VaR test which utilizes the duration bet...

We have compared by means of rocket immunoelectrophoresis the amount of CF,-complex in N. tabacum mutants with that in the wild type N. tabacum var. John William’s Broadleaf. Some of these mutants differ from the wild type not only by higher photosynthetic and photorespiratory activities but also by their chloroplast structure. The amount of CF, present was related to the chlorophyll content. H...

The activity of ribulose 1,5-diphosphate (RuDP)-carboxylase and RuDP-oxygenase was measured in crude leaf extracts of the tobacco (N . tabacum ) phenotypes which differed with respect to their gene constitution and with respect to their photosynthetic and photorespiratory activity. The green wild type (JWB) which carried the discussed two nuclear factors su and aur in the condition su/su Aur/Au...

abstract the main purpose of this paper is to obtain the optimal amount of expenses of government relating to the protection of property rights (pprs). to achieve these purposes we have introduced concept of social intelligence with respect to pprs and then developed different growth model from existing literature. in the second step the optimal share of government spending on the pprs is calcu...

let $gamma_{n,kappa}$ be the class of all graphs with $ngeq3$ vertices and $kappageq2$ vertex connectivity. denote by $upsilon_{n,beta}$ the family of all connected graphs with $ngeq4$ vertices and matching number $beta$ where $2leqbetaleqlfloorfrac{n}{2}rfloor$. in the classes of graphs $gamma_{n,kappa}$ and $upsilon_{n,beta}$, the elements having maximum augmented zagreb index are determined.