We study various classical secure computation problems in the context of fairness, and relate them with each other. We also systematically study fair sampling problems (i.e., inputless functionalities) and discover three levels of complexity for them. Our results include the following: – Fair exchange cannot be securely reduced to the problem of fair cointossing by an r-round protocol, except w...

Rangeland climate services — knowledge resources that integrate information on to facilitate decision-making for ranchers and pastoralists have the potential sustainable decisions under variable conditions. Yet design of often fails fully address behavioral, cultural, social, institutional factors motivate or disincentivize end-users. Thus, we review how research risk uncertainty preferences, d...

Leafy spurge is an invasive Eurasian weed on pastures and rangeland in North America where it reduces grass forage production. Our objective was to determine the effects of multispecies grazing combined with Aphthona flea beetles on leafy spurge-infested rangeland. On two westernNorth Dakota sitesdivided into four25to79-hapastures, two grazingduration treatmentswere applied: season-long with 7 ...

Rangelands of China have for centuries provided forage for livestock but now their role in water, soil, and biodiversity conservation is being recognised by Governments and people. However, much of the rangelands has recently degraded anddesertification is nowawidespread problem.The cause of the degradation is over-grazing andover-cultivation. Climate change is exacerbating theproblem.TheChines...

Political instability (PI) occurs between governments and other political elites either at the local, regional, and/or national levels. Planning, implementing, monitoring of sustainable rangeland management strategies have a significant impact on environment an area. In this study, term PI implies unsafe unstable exercise power, is major obstacle to implementation management. The main purpose r...

Fairness in machine learning is getting rising attention as it directly related to real-world applications and social problems. Recent methods have been explored alleviate the discrimination between certain demographic groups that are characterized by sensitive attributes (such race, age, or gender). Some studies found data itself biased, so training on causes unfair decision making. Models tra...

The FAIRPoints organization, co-founded by the authors, aims to provide a platform for conversations take place around realistic and pragmatic implementations of FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles. uniqueness effort stems from an additional aim: capture conversation contributions in form “bite-sized” objects – “points” way that facilitates dynamic composition instru...

Replicated cow herds of 15 Angus x Hereford (AH) and 15 Brahman x Hereford (BH) F1 cows each were placed on native rangeland (NR) or native rangeland-complementary forage (NRCF) systems. The NR was 8.1 ha of sagebrush-mixed prairie per cow-calf unit and the NRCF used the same mixed prairie complemented by .4 ha of double-cropped winter wheat and summer annual forage replacing about 30% of the m...