In this paper, we propose a new Virtual Party Protocol (VPP) protocol for Secure Multi-Party Computation (SMC). There are many computations and surveys which involve confidential data from many parties or organizations. As the concerned data is property of the organization or the party, preservation and security of this data is of prime importance for such type of computations. Although the com...

classic political sociology dogmatically considers women politically more conservative than men and accordingly, women’s models of political behaviors are expressed based on their inherent tendencies towards right-wing conservative parties. but new research indicates that in developed countries during 1980’s, women gradually distanced from traditional conservatism and joint democratic groups. i...

This paper aims to explore the strength and causal determinants of ideological thinking within political parties. The degree of “ideologization” includes two dimensions: “horizontal couplings”, as they are manifested in intercorrelations between different beliefs or opinions; and “vertical couplings” as they appear in the degree to which specific beliefs are related to more abstract concepts li...

The main objective of this article is to highlight the importance emotional component in explaining electoral support for a far-right party, such as Vox. To aim, components vote formation are analyzed, paying special attention those an nature (presence and intensity different types emotions Vox voters), last two general elections —Congress Deputies—, April November 2019. We use quantitative met...

Although extensive research analyzes the factors that motivate European parties to shift their policy positions, there is little cross-national research that analyzes how voters respond to parties’ policy shifts. We report pooled, time-series analyses of election survey data from several European polities, which suggest that voters do not systematically adjust their perceptions of parties’ posi...

This paper shows how political parties differentiate to reduce electoral competition. Two parties choose platforms in a unidimensional policy space, and then candidates from these parties compete for votes in a continuum of constituencies with different median voters. Departing from their parties’ platforms is costly enough that candidates do not take the median voter’s preferred position in ev...

The evolution of studies of political parties of constitution: The first and second periods show that the evolution of parties indicates that researchers' attitude to political pheno-mena also coincide with the evolution of political realities has been transformed, and the consideration of ideologies in the analysis of the parties have replaced with religious perspectives and anti-authoritarian...

Debates about decentralization raise cultural questions of identity and economic questions of redistribution and efficiency. Therefore the preferences of statewide parties regarding decentralization are related to their positions on the economic and cultural ideological dimensions. A statistical analysis using data from thirty-one countries confirms this: parties on the economic right are more ...