conclusions in conclusion, dietary counseling of patients on hd is mandatory. interventions that consider the socio-economic situation allow delivering important messages on foods with the least amount of p and adequate protein content, and they may be a successful strategy in targeting patients at a higher risk of hyperphosphoremia. results results showed serum p level was reduced in patients ...

Nowadays fast-food restaurant is becoming a common choice for people’s need due to different reasons. This research aimed investigate Subway's 4ps (Product, Promotion, Place, and Price) marketing approach in the Chinese market intense rivalry business China, also revealed reason why Subway less competitive China other than U.S. Europe. must continue strive improved performance strengthen custom...

Differential locational access to fast-food retailing between neighbourhoods of varying socioeconomic status has been suggested as a contextual explanation for the social distribution of diet-related mortality and morbidity. This New Zealand study examines whether neighbourhood access to fast-food outlets is associated with individual diet-related health outcomes. Travel distances to the closes...

An earlier report by the U.S. Department of Agriculture found that the percentage of adults eating fast food increased from the early 1990s to the mid-1990s (1). Moreover, previous studies have reported that more frequent fast-food consumption is associated with higher energy and fat intake and lower intake of healthful nutrients (1,2). This report indicates that for 2007–2010, on average, adul...

OBJECTIVE A major concern is the ubiquitous presence of fast food and takeaway outlets within easy walking distance of schools, particularly in the light of the increasing burden of childhood obesity. Here, the associations between the schoolchildren's weights, their consumption of fast food and takeaway outlets were examined in a deprived inner London Borough. DESIGN This is a cross-sectiona...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Fast-food consumption has greatly increased in Taiwan. Frequent fast food intake is associated with both allergy and obesity. The aim of this study was to describe fast food habit changes, and to assess the relationship between fast food intake and the risk of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) among Taiwanese adolescents. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN This ana...