Skin morphogenesis occurs in successive stages. First, the skin forms distinct regions (macropatterning). Then skin appendages with particular shapes and sizes form within each region (micropatterning). Ectopic DKK expression inhibited dermis formation in feather tracts and individual buds, implying the importance of Wnts, and prompted the assessment of individual Wnt functions at different mor...

BACKGROUND/AIM Fracture toughness determines functional crown strenght and prevents damages on ceramics during mastication. There is a lack of relevant literature data about fracture toughness of crowns made by feather-edge preparation. Mechanical testing of ceramic samples is supposed to show if feather-edge tooth preparation is a successful method for making ceramic crowns without any risk of...

Because of a ban on the use of beak trimming in some European countries, feather pecking is becoming a substantial problem in the layer industry, both from animal welfare and economic points of view. The feather condition score (FCS) as a measure of feather damage has been shown to be closely related to feather pecking behavior in laying hens housed in groups. To obtain a better understanding o...

Skin appendage formation represents a process of regulated new growth. Bromodeoxyuridine labeling of developing chicken skin demonstrated the presence of localized growth zones, which first promote appendage formation and then move within each appendage to produce specific shapes. Initially, cells proliferate all over the presumptive skin. During the placode stage they are organized to form per...

BACKGROUND Feather pecking and cannibalism are major concerns in poultry farming, both in terms of animal welfare and farm economics. Genetic selection and introduction of (aspects of) maternal care have been suggested as potential interventions to reduce feather pecking in laying hens. Altered brain development has been proposed to reflect welfare states in animals, and can provide more insigh...

The individual feathers in the skin of a developing chicken embryo are arranged in a precise array within a series of so-called 'tracts'. The images above show nascent feather buds in the legs of embryos at 8–9 days of incubation. Buds are added sequentially across the forming feather tract, as shown by the range of developmental stages in the image at top left. (In all three upper images, buds...

using low-cost feedstocks such as rendered animal fats in biodiesel production willreducebiodieselexpenditures. one of the low-cost feedstocksfor biodiesel production could be the fatextracted from poultry feathers producedin slaughterhouses abundantly. this paper describes a new andenvironmentally friendly process for developing biodiesel production technology from feather waste producedin pou...

the aim of this study was to find the optimal conditions of a newly isolated streptomyces strain jrs 19. screening for keratinase producing bacteria and their keratinase production were investigated. the keratinase produced by the isolate was purified by chromatographic techniques and the optimum ph maintained was 7.0 and maintained at different temperatures viz., 20ºc, 25ºc, 30ºc, 35ºc and 40º...