High-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity and insulin insensitivity are associated with inflammation, particularly in white adipose tissue (WAT). However, insulin insensitivity is apparent within days of HF feeding when gains in adiposity and changes in markers of inflammation are relatively minor. To investigate further the effects of HF diet, C57Bl/6J mice were fed either a low (LF) or HF diet for 3...

We showed previously that rats on a free-choice high-fat, high-sugar (fcHFHS) diet become rapidly obese and develop glucose intolerance within a week. Interestingly, neither rats on a free-choice high-fat diet (fcHF), although equally obese and hyperphagic, nor rats on a free-choice high-sugar (fcHS) diet consuming more sugar water, develop glucose intolerance. Here, we investigate whether chan...

Gastrointestinal dysfunction is an intuitively important, yet descriptively elusive component of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Reintam and colleagues have attempted to quantify this dimension using a combination of intolerance of enteral feeding, and the development of intra-abdominal hypertension. While they show that both parameters are associated with an increased risk of death (a...

BACKGROUND Neonatal appendicitis is difficult to diagnose, and is associated with high mortality. CASE CHARACTERISTICS A preterm (33 wk) neonate developed abdominal distension feeding intolerance and erythema of left inguinal region on day 4 of life. OBSERVATION Testicular torsion was suspected but inguinal exploration revealed normal testis with feco-purulent fluid draining into processus ...

Inadequate islet adaptation to insulin resistance leads to glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes. Here we investigate whether beta-cell cAMP is crucial for islet adaptation and prevention of glucose intolerance in mice. Mice with a beta-cell-specific, 2-fold overexpression of the cAMP-degrading enzyme phosphodiesterase 3B (RIP-PDE3B/2 mice) were metabolically challenged with a high-fat diet. ...

The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the development of post-natal gastrointestinal functions of the host. Recent advances in our capability to identify microbes and their function offer exciting opportunities to evaluate the complex cross talk between microbiota, intestinal barrier, immune system and the gut-brain axis. This review summarizes these interactions in the early col...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Visceral obesity holds a central position in the concept of the metabolic syndrome characterized by glucose intolerance in humans. However, until now it is unclear if obesity by itself is responsible for the development of glucose intolerance. METHODS We have used a novel polygenic mouse model characterized by genetically fixed obesity (DU6) and addressed age- and high fat die...

Williams DB, Wan Z, Frier BC, Bell RC, Field CJ, Wright DC. Dietary supplementation with vitamin E and C attenuates dexamethasone-induced glucose intolerance in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 302: R49–R58, 2012. First published October 26, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00304.2011.—Glucocorticoid excess induces marked insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. A recent study has shown...

BACKGROUND Pregnancies complicated by abnormal umbilical artery Doppler blood flow patterns often result in the baby being born both preterm and growth-restricted. These babies are at high risk of milk intolerance and necrotising enterocolitis, as well as post-natal growth failure, and there is no clinical consensus about how best to feed them. Policies of both early milk feeding and late milk ...

OBJECTIVE Improved survival of preterm infants, beneficial effects of trophic feeding and limited data on timing management of enteral feeding for very low birth weight preterm infants requires more researches to determine the exact starting time and increased volumes. This study aims to compare early (<48 h) versus late (>72h) trophic feeding with respect to important neonatal outcomes. METH...