Although substantial studies emphasized the close relationship among land development, public infrastructure, and urban economic growth, the mediating effect of public infrastructure remains unexplored. Using panel data of 253 prefecture-level Chinese cities from 1999 to 2012, we empirically conduct a mediating effect analysis to examine how land development promotes urban economic growth. It i...

Three growth inhibitors which might be involved in phototropism of Sakurajima radish (Raphanus sativus var. hortensis f. gigantissimus Makino) hypocotyls, were isolated as crystalline forms from light-exposed radish seedlings and identified as cis- and trans-raphanusanins and 6-methoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,3-oxazepin-2-one (designated raphanusamide). The cis- and trans-raphanusanins inhibited g...

Normal development and function of the placenta is critical to achieving a successful pregnancy, as normal fetal growth depends directly on the transfer of nutrients from mother to fetus via this organ. Recently, it has become apparent from both animal and human studies that growth factors within the maternal circulation, for example the IGFs, are important regulators of placental development a...

Female Sprague-Dawley rats received methadone (25 mg/kg/day) by gavage throughout gestation. Water-gavaged rats served as controls. Fetuses were delivered by cesarean section when parturition was imminent. Our results indicate that methadone may interfere with fetal development and maternal-fetal interactions to some degree. The observed alterations were as follows: fetal growth retardation, an...

Uncritical application of standard weight percentile charts, derived from white infants, to infants from different ethnic groups may result in an overestimate of the incidence of intrauterine growth retardation in those groups. The ratio of mid-arm circumference to occipitofrontal circumference was studied in 194 babies (49 Asian, 58 black, and 87 white). In contrast with birth weight the ratio...

A policy of expectant management until 32 weeks of gestation in 29 dichorionic pregnancies discordant for growth retardation resulted in an overall mortality of 24% (95% CI 13.9-37.2%) and a handicap of 2.2% (95% CI 0-12.0%). None of the normally grown co-twins died or was handicapped as a result of iatrogenic prematurity.

OBJECTIVE To test the validity of the fetal origins hypothesis and the classic twin method. DESIGN Follow up study of pairs of same sex twins in which both twins survived to age 6. SETTING Denmark. SUBJECTS 8495 twin individuals born 1870-1900, followed through to 31 December 1991. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mortality calculated on a cohort basis. RESULTS Mortality among twins and the gene...

This paper introduces the spatial panel autocorrelation model, utilizes C-D production functions, constructs the spatial econometric model and finally studies the spatial correlativity between provincial economic growth and logistics. By using the spatial package of Matlab software, it verifies the possibility if there is the remarkable autocorrelation of the Chinese provincial economic growth ...

This paper provides an interpretation of the global pattern of economic growth in the period following 1950. It uses a model in which growth in an individual country depends on a number of different so-called common trends that are representative of the global economy. Although such trends are common (i.e., shared between countries), the model allows for a differential impact of each trend in e...

The energy sector holds the key in accelerating the economic growth of India. To achieve Economic Growth, we need to and have to use more and more energy to increase the pace of development. On the consumption front, the industrial sector in India is a major energy user accounting for about 52 percent of commercial energy consumption. Electrical energy and thermal energy constitutes the major o...