Current theories of capital structure have difficulty explaining the aspects of financing behavior we document. In contrast to the tradeoff theory, seasoned equity offers frequently move firms away from their target leverage ratios. At odds with the pecking-order theory, SEO firms typically are financially healthy companies with low leverage, unused debt capacity and substantial cash balances. ...

PURPOSE To understand the long-term economic implications of key pathways for financing a medical school education. METHOD The authors calculated the net present value (NPV) of cash flow over a 30-year career for a 2013 matriculant associated with (1) self-financing, (2) federally guaranteed loans, (3) the Public Service Loan Forgiveness program, (4) the National Health Service Corps, (5) the...

This paper provides firmand industry-level evidence on the effects of capital structure on product market outcomes for a large cross-section of industries over a number of years. The analysis uses shocks to aggregate demand as surrogates for exogenous changes in the product market environment. I find that debt financing has a negative impact on firm (relative-to-industry) sales growth in indust...

I examine whether financial reporting quality and credibility affect firm financing and investment decisions. I use PCAOB inspections of non-U.S. auditors as exogenous shocks to the reporting quality of non-U.S. firms audited by PCAOB inspected auditors. I then use the subsequent public revelation of the inspection as exogenous shocks to the reporting credibility of non-U.S. firms that employ P...

Financial theory creates a puzzle. Some authors argue that high-risk entrepreneurs choose debt contracts instead of equity contracts since risky but high returns are of relatively more value for a loan-financed firm. On the contrary, authors who focus explicitly on start-up finance predict that entrepreneurs are the more likely to seek equity-like venture capital contracts, the more risky their...

The paper derives two analytical consequences of informed finance: Equity leads to under-financing, while debt leads to over-financing. We show that our model can explain key qualitative and quantitative features of informed venture capital finance in the United States. Using only three model parameters we match: (1) the venture capitalist’s equity share; (2) the venture capitalist’s expected r...

While much attention has been focused on the optimal ratio of a firm’s debt to equity, the “optimal” or best balance between bond financing and (longer-term) bank financing has scarcely been addressed. This essay examines the principal differences between an economy with a well-developed corporate bond market free from government interference and an economy in which bank financing plays a centr...

In recent years, China's local government debt and corporate issues have attracted the attention of academia government. At present, financing difficulties SMEs become a problem in industry. Although existing literature has studied impact on micro enterprises, academic circles still hold disputes "crowding out effect" enterprise behavior. This paper selects panel data provincial A-share listed ...

This paper develops a firm-dynamics model with heterogenous firms and endogenous currency debt composition to jointly study financing and investment decisions in developing economies. In our model, foreign currency borrowing arises from a trade-off between aggregate deviations from the risk-free uncovered interest rate parity and firms’ growth potential. Crucially, there is crosssectional heter...