Abstract Standard finite element formulation and implementation in solid dynamics at large strains usually relies upon indicial-tensor Voigt notation to factorized the weighting functions take advantage of symmetric structure algebraic objects involved. In present work, a novel component-free approach, where no reference basis, axes or components is made, implied required, adopted for formulati...

the paper is concerned with a methodology of optimal design of shells of minimum weight with strength, stability and strain constraints. stress and strain state of the shell is determined by galerkin method in the mixed finite element formulation within the geometrically nonlinear theory. the analysis of the effectiveness of different optimization algorithms to solve the set problem is given. t...