A review of literature related to fire evacuation in underground transportation systems, e.g., tunnels and subway stations, was carried out with the objectives (1) to identify a theoretical framework that can help understand of human behaviour in the event of a fire in underground transportation systems, (2) to use the theoretical framework to analyse and to identify problems related to fire ev...

The United States alone spends about $700B per year on new and renovated construction. About 20% of this is to assure safety from unwanted fires, which includes the cost of insurance, to make families whole after fires and to recover from business loss. This is an enormous cost to endure every year. Combined with a growing construction market in other countries, this presents a major opportunit...

background : due to specific conditions in hospitals such as accumulation, existence of disable persons and patients, different and complex equipment, chemical and infectious substances, flammable materials and ionized radiations, safety precautions is essential to prevent the occurrence of incidents such as fire, electric shock hazard and exposure to excessive levels in hospitals. this was the...

Fire test data of boats in rack storage are needed to establish more specific requirements for fire control and protection for this type of vessel in high piled rack storage configurations. Since there is no current large or full scale fire test data available, we have embarked upon testing fire and thermal properties of boat material, fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite, by using Differen...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Fire scars have been widely used as proxies for the reconstruction of fire history; however, little is known about the impact of fire injury on wood anatomy. This study investigates changes in tracheid and ray traits in fire scars of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), western larch (Larix occidentalis) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), and discusses their ecophysiologi...