BACKGROUND Studies have found associations between low birth weight and increased risks of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. However, these associations could be due to confounding by genetic or socioeconomic factors. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a study on Swedish like-sexed twins with known zygosity who were born from 1926 to 1958. First, to obtain an overall effect of birth weight ...

OBJECTIVE To determine the optimum interpregnancy interval after miscarriage in a first recorded pregnancy. DESIGN Population based retrospective cohort study. SETTING Scottish hospitals between 1981 and 2000. PARTICIPANTS 30,937 women who had a miscarriage in their first recorded pregnancy and subsequently became pregnant. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary end point was miscarriage, li...

The authors assessed the relation of hormonal and pregnancy-related factors to the incidence of sarcoidosis in the Black Women's Health Study. On biennial questionnaires, participants (US black women aged 21-69 years at baseline) reported data on diagnoses of sarcoidosis, reproductive history, and medication use. Cox regression models, adjusted for age, education, geographic region, smoking, an...

Data on all births to Birmingham residents during a ten-year period were used to compare the reproductive history of mothers immediately before and after a twin maternity with that of mothers of similar age and parity before and after a single birth. It was found that mothers of twins were less likely than mothers of singletons to have a subsequent birth if both twins survived, but if only one ...

OBJECTIVE We examined the relationships among gestational age at birth, maternal characteristics, and standardized test performance in Georgia first-grade students. METHODS Live births to Georgia-resident mothers aged 11 to 53 years from 1998 through 2003 were deterministically linked with standardized test results for first-grade attendees of Georgia public schools from 2005 through 2009. Lo...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the effect of partner change on risks of pre-eclampsia and giving birth to a small for gestational age infant. DESIGN Prospective population study. SETTING Sweden. PARTICIPANTS Women with their first and second successive singleton births in Sweden between 1990 and 2006 without pregestational diabetes and/or hypertension (n=446 459). OUTCOME MEASURES Preterm (<37 w...

To assess whether treatment with metronidazole during pregnancy is associated with preterm birth, low birth weight, or major congenital anomalies, we conducted chart reviews and an analysis of electronic data from a cohort of women delivering at an urban New York State hospital. Of 2,829 singleton/mother pairs, 922 (32.6%) mothers were treated with metronidazole for clinical indications, 348 (1...

Abstract Estimating the population parameters, performance and factors that influence reproduction from long-term, individual-based monitoring data is gold standard for effective wildlife management conservation. Yet this information often difficult costly to collect or inaccessible managers. We synthesized a 20-year set of subset black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis subpopulations across range en...