The Iranian plateau is an ideal area for investigating the relationship be? tween ecological and sociological factors because of its stark aridity, on the one hand, and its historical role as a meeting place of ethnic and cultural movements on the other. The part of the plateau which forms the southeast corner of Persia is particularly interesting from this point of view. Over an area of some 2...

The author postulates that the dialogue between psychoanalysis and neuroscience is based on the assumption that both deal with virtual structures. They are two facets of the same noumenal reality, but with different phenomenal realities, and it is possible to use metapsychology as a lingua franca to develop communication between the two fields. In the second part of the paper, the author reflec...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DC-MRI) for assessing the pattern of invasion of tongue carcinomas. We studied 20 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue that showed peripheral enhancement patterns on DC-MRI. The diameter of each tumor was >2.0 cm and no apparent artifacts were seen. The signal enhancement to noise ratio (SE/N...

MY COMMENTS ON the future of Socialism are divided into three parts. The first deals with Sovietism, or Marxist Socialism modified by the Russian tradition, and its offsprings around the world. The second has to do with various hues of social democracy, from the vaguely Gramscian Marxist variety to the welfare state of mixed origins. The third deals with one reason why some form of Socialism ma...

BACKGROUND Our objective was to study tongue lesions and their significance in psoriatic patients. METHODS The oral mucosa was examined in 200 psoriatic patients presenting to Razi Hospital in Tehran, Iran, and 200 matched controls. RESULTS Fissured tongue (FT) and benign migratory glossitis (BMG) were the two most frequent findings. FT was seen more frequently in psoriatic patients (n = 66...

Angioimmunoblastic Lymphadenopathy (AIL) is an uncommon disorder which begins  with constitutional symptoms. The majority of the patients .has generalized l?7111ph­ adenopathy, , hepatosplenomegaly and about 40% show cutaneous manifestations such as maculopapular eruption, purpura, urticaria or erythroderma. Histhopatho­Iogy of lymphnodes has a characteristic picture. The etiology of AIL is unk...

Even after decades of investigation using multiple sources of evidence, the natural histories of some species remain unclear (i.e. cryptogenic). A key example is Littorina littorea, the most abundant intertidal snail in northeastern North America. Native to Europe, the snail's ecological history in North America has been debated for over 100 years with no definitive resolution. To resolve its c...

β-catenin is a key signalling molecule in the canonical Wnt pathway, which plays a role in cell adhesion, embryogenesis and sex determination. However, little is known about its function in teleosts. We cloned and characterized the full-length β-catenin1 gene from half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis), which was designated CS-β-catenin1. The CS-β-catenin1 cDNA consists of 2,346 nucle...

A male patient aged 20 years, visited us for routine oral examination. Incidentally, a well-demarcated reddish area of depapillation, of size 6X3 cm, was found on the dorsum of tongue near the midline. It was located 1 cm anterior to the circumvallate papillae and was roughly diamond shaped. Its surface was smooth, raised and fissured; the opposing palatal mucosa was nonerythematous (kissing le...

OBJECTIVE To investigate, in a porcine tongue model, the lesions created by coblation to define the optimal application of this method in treating the enlarged tongue base in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. STUDY DESIGN A prospective, experimental animal study. SETTING Military medical center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Fifteen fresh porcine tongue specimens were injected with n...