A simple and precise size measurement device of microparticles in liquid has been developed by using a narrow gap between a cylindrical lens and a flat glass wall, in which the distance of the gap is precisely determined by the diffraction Moiré pattern of irradiated light. Two different methods to transfer the particles toward the center line of the lens, a hydrodynamic flow mode and an electr...

We present a flexible variable-focus converging microlens actuated by electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD). The microlens is made of two immiscible liquids and a soft polymer, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Parylene intermediate layer is used to produce robust flexible electrode on PDMS. A low-temperature PDMS-compatible fabrication process has been developed to reduce the stress on the lens struc...

Purpose To compare biometric parameters between primary angle closure with longer axial length (AL) and those with medium or shorter AL. Methods We prospectively recruited 138 primary angle-closure patients. Low-coherence interferometry and ultrasound biomicroscopy examinations were performed before laser peripheral iridotomy and pilocarpine treatment. AL was categorized as shorter (<22.5 mm)...

We report the discovery of two concentric partial Einstein rings around the gravitational lens SDSSJ0946+1006, as part of the Sloan Lens ACS Survey. The main lens is at redshift zl = 0.222, while the inner ring (1) is at redshift zs1 = 0.609 and Einstein radius REin1 = 1.43 ± 0.01. The wider image separation (REin2 = 2.07±0.02′′) of the outer ring (2) implies that it is at higher redshift than ...

The wavefront measurement technique using the Shack Hartmann wavefront sensor has been developed for measurement of wavefront distortion of a SR extraction mirror for the beam profile monitor at Photon Factory. The instrument consists of a multi-lens array ( 8x8 array, 250 mm pitch and focal length of 4.5 mm), a beam expander (20:1), an image relay lens system (1:1), a HeNe laser (633 nm) and a...

Resolution of the conventional lens is limited to half the wavelength of the light source by diffraction. In the conventional optical system, evanescent waves, which carry sub-diffraction spatial information, has exponentially decaying amplitude and therefore cannot reach to the image plane. New optical materials called metamaterials have provided new ways to overcome diffraction limit in imagi...

Gravitational lensing is a potentially important probe of spiral galaxy structure, but only a few cases of lensing by spiral galaxies are known. We present Hubble Space Telescope and Magellan observations of the two-image quasar PMN J2004–1349, revealing that the lens galaxy is a spiral galaxy. One of the quasar images passes through a spiral arm of the galaxy and suffers 3 magnitudes of V -ban...

We combine the Cosmic Lens All-Sky Survey (CLASS) with new Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data on the local velocity dispersion distribution function of E/S0 galaxies, φ(σ), to derive lens statistics constraints on ΩΛ and Ωm. Previous studies of this kind relied on a combination of the E/S0 galaxy luminosity function and the Faber-Jackson relation to characterize the lens galaxy population. Ho...

In this research work, a multibeam antenna which is a combination of a beamformer network (BFN) and a linear array antenna, has been designed. A Rotman lens has been chosen as beamformer network and Vivaldi antennas have been selected for constructing array antenna. The Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) was used for implementing Rotman lens. After explanation the structure of Substrate integ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate radiation dose in patients undergoing three-dimensional rotation angiography (3DRA) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) using a flat panel detector (FPD). Radiation doses were measured for angiography equipment using small silicon-photodiode dosimeters that were implanted in various positions in tissues and organs within an anthropomorphic phantom of a...