Background: In linear accelerators, the treatment field’s uniform intensity is achieved by including a flattening filter in beam. However, to produce more conformal dose distributions, contemporary radiotherapy practice now frequently uses fluence and aperture modifying techniques, such as volumetric modulated arc therapy. these circumstances, beam manufacturing process no longer required. It t...

In the present study, the effective parameters of water-Al2O3 nanofluid flowing in flat tubes are investigated using the EFAST Sensitivity Analysis (SA) method. The SA is performed using GMDH type artificial neural networks (ANN) which are based on validated numerical data of two phase modeling of nanofluid flow in flat tubes. There are five design variables namely: tube flattening (H), flow ra...