OBJECTIVE Fas ligand (FasL) is a key cytokine which initiates apoptosis when FasL binds to its receptor, Fas. Cardiac myocytes are generally resistant to Fas-induced apoptosis. However, sublethal dose of doxorubicin (Dox) can sensitize cardiac myocytes to Fas-induced apoptosis. We investigated the molecular mechanism by which Dox sensitizes cardiac myocytes to Fas-induced apoptosis. FLICE inhib...

Upon encounter with pathogens, T cells activate several defense mechanisms, one of which is the up-regulation of CD95 ligand (CD95L/FasL) which induces apoptosis in sensitive target cells. Despite expression of the CD95 receptor, however, recently activated T cells are resistant to CD95L, presumably due to an increased expression of antiapoptotic molecules. We show here that, in contrast to nai...

FLIP is an antiapoptotic protein that has been demonstrated to play an important role in inflammation, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. However, it is not known whether increased expression of FLIP (FLICE inhibitory protein) in thyrocytes would alter the development of the thyroid and/or pathogenesis of thyroiditis. To examine the effects of overexpression of this antiapoptotic molecule on the ...

Flip Chip (FC) Technology is gaining an increased level of importance for a variety of applications based on Flip Chip on Board or Flip Chip in Package. The first driving force for the introduction of this Technology was the need to achieve increased speed and performance along with higher I/O count. A breakthrough, however, will be the use of flip chip due to cost reduction. For this aim it is...

Celecoxib is a COX-2 inhibitor that reduces the risk of colon cancer. However, the basis for its cancer chemopreventive activity is not fully understood. In this study, we defined a mechanism of celecoxib action based on degradation of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP), a major regulator of the death receptor pathway of apoptosis. c-FLIP protein levels are regulated by ubiquitination a...

Purpose: To analyze the flip-angle dependence and to optimize the statistical precision of a fast three-dimensional T1-mapping technique based on the variable-flip-angle (VFA) method. The proposed single-flip-angle (1FA) approach acquires only a single 3D spoiled gradient-echo data set for each time point of the dynamical series in combination with a longer baseline measurement. Theory and Meth...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus results from an inadequate adaptation of the functional pancreatic beta cell mass in the face of insulin resistance. Changes in the concentration of glucose play an essential role in the regulation of beta cell turnover. In human islets, elevated glucose concentrations impair beta cell proliferation and induce beta cell apoptosis via up-regulation of the Fas receptor. R...

PURPOSE To analyze the flip angle dependence and to optimize the statistical precision of a fast three-dimensional (3D) T1 mapping technique based on the variable flip angle (VFA) method. The proposed single flip angle (1FA) approach acquires only a single 3D spoiled gradient echo data set for each time point of the dynamical series in combination with a longer baseline measurement. THEORY AN...

Delay faults are frequently encountered in nanometer technologies. Therefore, it is critical to detect these faults during factory test. Testing for a delay fault requires the application of a pair of test vectors in an at-speed manner. To maximize the delay fault detection capability, it is desired that the vectors in this pair are independent. Independent vector pairs cannot always be applied...

Quantum dot cellular automata (QCA) introduces a pioneer technology in nano scale computer architectures. Employing this technology is one of the solutions to decrease the size of circuits and reducing power dissipation. In this paper, two new optimized FlipFlops with reset input are proposed in quantum dot cellular automata technology. In addition, comparison with related works is performed.Th...