Can Plasma Skimming or Inconstancy of Regional Hematocrit Introduce Serious Errors in Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Measurements or Their Interpretation? • Recent reports indicate that in cases of elevated plasma or blood viscosity, red cell velocity through the cerebral microcirculation is unimpaired while plasma transit is retarded. One explanation may be that plasma skimming is increased, wit...

Motivated by a security problem in geographic information systems, we study the following graph theoretical problem: given a graph G, two special nodes s and t in G, and a number k, find k paths from s to t in G so as to minimize the number of edges shared among the paths. This is a generalization of the well-known disjoint paths problem. While disjoint paths can be computed efficiently, we sho...

We determined the role of the hyporheic zone (the subsurface zone where stream water and shallow groundwater mix) in enhancing microbially mediated oxidation of dissolved manganese (to form manganese precipitates) in a drainage basin contaminated by copper mining. The fate of manganese is of overall importance to water quality in Pinal Creek Basin, Arizona, because manganese reactions affect th...

Can Plasma Skimming or Inconstancy of Regional Hematocrit Introduce Serious Errors in Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Measurements or Their Interpretation? • Recent reports indicate that in cases of elevated plasma or blood viscosity, red cell velocity through the cerebral microcirculation is unimpaired while plasma transit is retarded. One explanation may be that plasma skimming is increased, wit...

Laboratory experiments were conducted to study solute transport along preferential flow paths in unsaturated, inclined fractures. Qualitative aspects of solute transport were identified in a miscible dye tracer experiment conducted in a transparent replica of a natural granite fracture. Additional experiments were conducted to measure the breakthrough curves of a conservative tracer introduced ...

Extracting data paths in large-scale registertransfer level designs has important usage in automatic verification of synchronous circuits and synthesis of asynchronous circuits. Current tools rely on users to provide the data/control partition or use state-space analyses to extract data paths. Due to the explosion of state-space, the latter method can be used in only small designs. To resolve t...

Provisioning multiple paths can improve fault tolerance and transport capability of multi-routing in wireless networks. Disjoint paths can improve the diversity of paths and further reduce the risk of simultaneous link failure and network congestion. In this paper we first address a many-to-one disjoint-path problem (MOND) for multi-path routing in a multi-hop wireless network. The objective of...

When traffic flows are routed through a road network it is desirable to minimize the total road usage. Since a route guidance system can only recommend paths to the drivers, special care has to be taken not to route them over paths they perceive as too long. This leads in a simplified model to a nonlinear multicommodity flow problem with constraints on the available paths. In this article an al...

This paper considers the K-edge-disjoint hop-constrained Network Design Problem (HCNDP) which consists in finding a minimum cost subgraph such that there exists at least K-edge-disjoint paths between origins and destinations of demands, and such that the length of these paths is at most equal to a given parameter L. This problem was considered in the past using only design variables. Here, we c...

An increase of urban flood risks is expected for the following decades not only because climate is becoming more extreme, but also because population and asset densities in cities are increasing. There is a need for models that can explain the damage process of urban flooding and support damage prevention. Recent improvements in flood modeling have highlighted the importance of urban topography...