Using population and product consumption data from the Demographic and Health Surveys I construct comparable measures of inequality and migration for 65 countries, including some of the poorest countries in the world. I find that the urban-rural gap accounts for 40% of mean country inequality and much of its cross-country variation. One out of every four or five individuals raised in rural area...

P∈Pi P∋e fi,P ≤ ce ∀e fi,P ≥ 0 Dual 1 solves the max-sum multi-commodity flow problem: ce represents the capacity of an edge, and fi,P is the amount of flow directed from si to ti along the path P . The LP tries to maximize the total amount of commodity flow. Lemma 17.1.1 Multicut is always larger than the corresponding max-sum multi-commodity flow. Lemma 17.1.2 Multicut is at most O(logK) time...

ABR mechanism was designed for controlling the traffic flows in ATM networks. The key factor for efficient and stable controlling of traffic control loops is fast transfer of feedback control information from the network back to the traffic source. In ABR mechanism so-called Resource Management (RM) cells are used for this purpose. Limited number of these control cells is especially noticeable ...

Low throughput due to unfairness is a key problem in multi-rate wireless local area networks. To promote fairness and hence throughput, T -Fair groups flows according to their average data rate, provides each group fair time allocations and ensures throughput fairness for flows in each group. Since each group is allocated transmission times fairly, T -Fair isolates high and low rate groups and ...

As an absolute invariant of smooth conjugacy, the multiplier group described the types of space-time symmetries that the flow has, and for a quasiperiodic flow on the n-torus, is the determining factor of the structure of its generalized symmetry group. It is conjectured that a quasiperiodic flow is F -algebraic if and only if its multiplier group is a finite index subgroup of the group of unit...

In this paper, numerical and experimental investigations on an axial-flow fan with grooved/double-sectional blades are performed to improve its performance in terms of volume flow rate and noise at a local operating point. The target fan is used to cool a mechanical room of a household refrigerator. However, it is found that the target system has more resistance than that for which the fan is o...

In contrast to traditional flow networks, in additive flow networks, to every edge e is assigned a gain factor g(e) which represents the loss or gain of the flow while using edge e. Hence, if a flow f(e) enters the edge e and f(e) is less than the designated capacity of e, then f(e) + g(e) ≥ 0 units of flow reach the end point of e, provided e is used, i.e., provided f(e) ≠ 0. In this report we...