BACKGROUND Oropharyngeal candidiasis is the most common opportunistic infection affecting patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Because of convenience, cost, and reluctance to complicate antiretroviral treatment regimens, single-dose fluconazole may be a favorable regimen for treatment of moderate to severe oropharyngeal candidiasis. We conducted a prospective, randomized,...

Micafungin is a new echinocandin exhibiting broad-spectrum activity against Candida spp. The activity of the echinocandins against Candida species known to express intrinsic or acquired resistance to fluconazole is of interest. We determined the MICs of micafungin and caspofungin against 315 invasive clinical (bloodstream and other sterile-site) isolates of fluconazole-resistant Candida species...

Two randomized, placebo-controlled trials previously showed that fluconazole (400 mg/d) administered prophylactically decreases the incidence of candidiasis in blood and marrow transplant (BMT) recipients. However, there exists conflicting data regarding the optimal duration of fluconazole administration, specifically whether prophylaxis through acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) results in...

INTRODUCTION The objective of the study was to describe the pharmacokinetics (PK) of fluconazole, anidulafungin, and caspofungin in critically ill patients and to compare with previously published data. We also sought to determine whether contemporary fluconazole doses achieved PK/pharmacodynamic (PD; PK/PD) targets in this cohort of intensive care unit patients. METHODS The Defining Antibiot...

OBJECTIVES To assess whether targeted short-term fluconazole prophylaxis reduces late-onset (>3 days of age) invasive fungal infection (IFI) among very low birth weight infants and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants and to assess mortality rates, toxicity, and costs associated with this intervention. METHODS An observational study of 2 subsequent epochs of inborn infants with birth wei...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between Mrr1, adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (Cap1) and multi-drug resistance gene 1 (MDR1), and to assess the mutations in Mrr1 and Cap1 in azole-resistant Candida albicans strains. The study isolated 68 C. albicans strains from patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis. Drug susceptibility testing was conducted to characteriz...

We applied the new clinical breakpoints (CBPs) of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) to a multicenter study to determine the antifungal susceptibility of bloodstream infection (BSI) isolates of Candida species in Korea, and determined the relationship between the frequency of antifungal-resistant Candida BSI isolates and antifungal use at hospitals. Four hundred and fifty BS...

Coccidioidal meningitis (CM) is a devastating disease that requires long-term therapy and for which there is little hope of a cure. A model was used to compare the efficacies of itraconazole and fluconazole. CD-1 mice were infected intrathecally with 30 to 36 viable arthroconidia of Coccidioides. Oral therapy with cyclodextrin (control) or itraconazole or fluconazole at 10, 25, or 50 mg/kg of b...

the increasing incidence of candidiasis and antifungal resistance as well as the introducing of new antifungal has recently encouraged performing of fungal susceptibility testing. the aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility profile of candida species isolated from patients admitted to yazd central laboratory to fluconazole. we used the broth microdilution method to evaluate the sus...

Candida albicans is the most prevalent cause of fungemia worldwide. Its ability to develop resistance in patients receiving azole antifungal therapy is well documented. In a murine model of systemic infection, we show that ibuprofen potentiates fluconazole antifungal activity against a fluconazole-resistant strain, drastically reducing the fungal burden and morbidity. The therapeutic combinatio...