Temperature fluctuation in fluid causes high cycle thermal fatigue in shroud structure according to its amplitude and frequency. There are still some incidents of thermal fatigue and leakage in light water reactors (Japanese PWR Tomari-2 in 2003, French PWR CIVAUX in 1998), and also in sodium cooled reactors (French FBR PHENIX in 1992). Mixing tee is a typical component where temperature fluctu...

Intracellular biochemical networks fluctuate dynamically due to various internal and external sources of fluctuation. Dissecting the fluctuation into biologically relevant components is important for understanding how a cell controls and harnesses noise and how information is transferred over apparently noisy intracellular networks. While substantial theoretical and experimental advancement on ...

Ecological systems are always subjected to various environmental fluctuations. They evolve under these fluctuations and the resulting systems are robust against them. The diversity in ecological systems is also acquired through the evolution. How do the fluctuations affect the evolutionary processes? Do the fluctuations have direct impact on the species diversity in ecological systems? In the p...

PURPOSE To investigate systemic and ocular hemodynamic risk factors for glaucomatous damage in eyes with normal tension glaucoma (NTG). METHODS Each patient with diagnosed NTG underwent 24-hour monitoring of intraocular pressure (IOP) and blood pressure (BP), scanning laser polarimetry (GDx-VCC), and a Humphrey visual field (HVF) examination. Multivariate regression models were used to evalua...

The problem of the order of the fluctuation of the Longest Common Subsequence (LCS) of two independent sequences has been open for decades. There exist contradicting conjectures on the topic, [1] and [2]. Lember and Matzinger [3] showed that with i.i.d. binary strings, the standard deviation of the length of the LCS is asymptotically linear in the length of the strings, provided that 0 and 1 ha...

The emergence of the occipital alpha rhythm on brain electroencephalogram (EEG) is associated with brain activity in the cerebral neocortex and deep brain structures. To further understand the mechanisms of alpha rhythm power fluctuation, we performed simultaneous EEGs and functional magnetic resonance imaging recordings in human subjects during a resting state and explored the dynamic relation...