Techniques previously utilized for chemical analysis of enamel surfaces are generally unsuitable for in-vivo testing. This study explored the utility of internal reflection spectroscopy (IRS) as a non-destructive method for enamel-surface analysis. Powders (enamel plus reference inorganic materials) and solids (flattened and unaltered enamel slabs) were analysed by IRS. Most samples were mounte...

Unusually for invertebrates, linguliform brachiopods employ calcium phosphate mineral in hard tissue formation, in common with the evolutionarily distant vertebrates. Using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (SSNMR) and X-ray powder diffraction, we compare the organic constitution, crystallinity and organic matrix-mineral interface of phosphatic brachiopod shells with those of ...

Madagascar is known as the ‘Island of Gemstones’ because it full gemstone resources. Apatite from widely popular its greenish blue Paraiba-like color. This study analyzes apatite through standard gemological characteristic methods, spectroscopic tests and chemical analyses (i.e., electron probe laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry). work explores diagenesis information re...

Abstract The alkaline Cho Don complex in NE Vietnam comprises several mafic-felsic suites related to the widespread magmatism developed during early-Permian–late-Triassic. contribution explores petrogenesis of nepheline syenite from Bang Phuc massif and its petrogenetic relationship with cogenetic scapolite-rich gabbro. formed through fractional crystallization pristine mantle-derived basaltic ...

There is no topically applicable low concentration fluoride delivery device available for caries prevention. This study was aimed to assess the use of a low concentration (1450 ppm) fluoride strip as an effective fluoride delivery system against enamel demineralization. The enamel surface composition and calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite or toothpaste treatments were investigated using X-ray pho...

UNLABELLED This article discusses the possible cariostatic mechanisms of the action of fluoride. In the past, fluoride inhibition of caries was ascribed to reduced solubility of enamel due to incorporation of fluoride (F-) into the enamel minerals. The present evidence from clinical and laboratory studies suggests that the caries-preventive mode of action of fluoride is mainly topical. There is...