A frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) lidar is demonstrated with heterodyne detection. The lidar transmitter utilizes an electro-optic I/Q modulator for the first time to generate carrier-suppressed and frequency-shifted FM modulation. This eliminates the need for an acousto-optic frequency shifter commonly used in heterodyne lidar transmitters. It also allows the use of a much wider mod...

Nonlinear dynamics of a third order phase locked loop (PLL) using a resonant low pass filter in the face of continuous wave (CW) and frequency modulated (FM) input signals is examined. The role of design parameters of the loop resonant filter and the modulation index of the input FM signal on the system dynamics is studied numerically as well as experimentally. The occurrence of chaotic oscilla...

Fast parameter estimation of sinusoidal frequency modulation signal (SFM) in additive white Gaussian noise is considered. A technique based on Carson's rule is developed to estimate the frequency modulation index; the carrier frequency is calculated using the symmetrical property of side-frequency components; the instantaneous frequency is computed to get the modulation frequency. The Cramér-Ra...

We have developed a liquid-environment frequency modulation atomic force microscope FM-AFM with a low noise deflection sensor for a wide range of cantilevers with different dimensions. A simple yet accurate equation describing the theoretical limit of the optical beam deflection method in air and liquid is presented. Based on the equation, we have designed a low noise deflection sensor. Replace...

A new approach to adding built-in self test (BIST) capabilities to integrated sigma-delta modulation RF transmitters is presented. An area efficient, all-digital building block generates multitone FM stimulus signals without compromising the performance of the RF transmitter itself. The RF signal is demodulated and digitized in a on-chip digital FM discriminator. Both blocks are fully testable ...

INTRODUCTION We aimed to gather knowledge on the cardiac autonomic modulation in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) in response to exercise and to investigate whether this population suffers from chronotropic incompetence (CI). METHODS Fourteen women with FM (age: 46 ± 3 years; body mass index (BMI): 26.6 ± 1.4 kg/m2) and 14 gender-, BMI- (25.4 ± 1.3 kg/m2), and age-matched (age: 41 ± 4 years) h...

In natural acoustical environments, most biologically related sounds containing frequency-modulated (FM) components repeat over periods of time. They are often in rapid sequence rather than in temporal isolation. Few studies examined the neuronal response patterns evoked by FM stimuli at different presentation rates (PR). In the present investigation, by using normal electrophysiological techni...

The Frequency Modulated Ultra-Wideband (FM-UWB) is known as a low-power, low-complexity modulation scheme targeting low to moderate data rates in applications such as wireless body area networks. In this paper, a thorough review of all FM-UWB receivers and transmitters reported in literature is presented. The emphasis is on trends in power reduction that exhibit an improvement by a factor 20 ov...

BACKGROUND A number of studies have provided evidence for genetic modulation of brain structure in unaffected family members (FM) of schizophrenia patients using conventional volumetric analysis. High-dimensional pattern classification methods have been reported to have the capacity to determine subtle and spatially complex structural patterns that distinguish schizophrenia patients from health...