Improving tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) thrombolytic therapy is a high priority in stroke research. The ability of tPA to convert plasminogen efficiently into clot-dissolving plasmin relies on an endogenous fibrinolytic assembly via a triple complex formation of tPA, annexin A2, and plasminogen. Annexin A2 is a cell-surface protein, which, in complex with its binding partner p11, form...

Rodents have been widely used in the production of cerebral ischemia models. However, successful therapies have been proven on experimental rodent stroke model, and they have often failed to be effective when tested clinically. Therefore, nonhuman primates were recommended as the ideal alternatives, owing to their similarities with the human cerebrovascular system, brain metabolism, grey to whi...

"UT ITH the growing appreciation of the vast clinical importance of coronary thrombosis the question is being asked more and more whether the atherosclerotic changes in the vessel wall are the chief causal factor or whether there are other factors, such as changes in the character of the blood itself, that play an important role. Unfortunately the question cannot be answered at present. There a...

! Barbiturate Protection in Acute Focal Cerebral Ischemia • We have found that anesthetic technique modifies the neurological and pathological se-quelae of unilateral middle cerebral artery and internal carotid artery occlusion in dogs. Occlu-sion was performed in seven groups of six dogs during each of the following anesthetic regimens: light (0.8%) halothane, "awake," deep (1.9%) halothane, d...

Hypertension was produced in 8 cats by nephrectomy and wrapping the opposite kidney. Subsequent occlusion of one middle cerebral artery caused ischemic infarcts that were larger than those of 8 normotensive cats. The larger infarcts may have been caused by increases of ischemic cerebral edema resulting from changes in the cerebral endothelial barrier induced by hypertension. In addition to incr...

Background and Purpose: Infarct volume is one of the common indexes for assessing the extent of ischemic brain injury following focal cerebral ischemia. Accuracy in the measurement of infarct volume is compounded by postischemic brain edema that may increase brain volume in the infarcted region. We evaluated the effect of brain edema on infarct volume determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride...

Background and Purpose: TA3090 (Clentiazem) has been shown to have cerebrovascular protective properties in three experimental studies. An in vivo investigation was undertaken to determine its effects on pial arteries and cerebral blood flow and its therapeutic value in transient focal cerebral ischemia. Methods: This experiment was divided into two protocols. In the first, 200 or 400 ug/kg per...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to use magnetoencephalography to record magnetic field changes in the brain during middle cerebral artery occlusion. METHODS A direct-current electrocorticogram (two channels) and a direct-current magnetoencephalogram (seven channels) were simultaneously recorded from five rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion for 1-2 hours. ...

PURPOSE To determine the histologic changes associated with gadopentetate dimeglumine enhancement on MR images in acute focal cerebral ischemia. METHODS In each of two baboons, a microcatheter was used to occlude partially the middle cerebral artery and reduce cerebral blood flow for approximately 3.5 hours. The catheter was then removed allowing reperfusion for approximately 3.5 hours. In tw...

A novel temporal correlation technique was used to map the first-pass transit of iodinated contrast agents through the brain. Transit profiles after bolus injections were measured with dynamic computed tomography (CT) scanning (1 image/s over 50 s). A rabbit model of focal cerebral ischemia (n = 6) was used, and dynamic CT scans were performed at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min postocclusion. Within th...