In this paper, an Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method is addressed to solve dynamic problems involving large deformation. This ALE method is based upon the operator split technique in which the material displacements and mesh displacements are uncoupled. Special issues such as time-stepping, mesh refinement, dynamic equilibrium checks and remapping of state variables are briefly explaine...

Abstract Foundation scour can have a detrimental effect on the performance of bridge piers, inducing significant reduction lateral capacity footing and accumulation permanent settlement rotation. Although hydraulic processes responsible for foundation are nowadays well known, predicting their mechanical consequences is still challenging. Indeed, its impact failure mechanisms developing around h...

Otolith microstructure has been shown to record valuable information about fishes including age, growth, and the timing of life history transitions, while microchemical analysis can reveal information about environmental history, dispersal, and migration. For the bluehead wrasse Thalassoma bifasciatum, a common coral reef fish on an oceanic island, we examined whether otolith chemistry could be...

Cities are increasingly the fundamental socio-economic units of human societies worldwide, but we still lack a unified characterization of urbanization that captures the social processes realized by cities across time and space. This is especially important for understanding the role of cities in the history of human civilization and for determining whether studies of ancient cities are relevan...

Many marine populations exhibit high variability in the recruitment of young into the population. While environmental cycles and oceanography explain some patterns of replenishment, the role of other growth-related processes in influencing settlement and recruitment is less clear. Examination of a 65-mo. time series of recruitment of a common coral reef fish, Stegastes partitus, to the reefs of...

Variation in density of early stages, that is, larvae and juveniles, is a major determinant of the distribution and abundance of the adult population of most marine invertebrates. These early stages thus play a key role in competitive interactions, and, more specifically, in invasion dynamics when biologically similar native and non-native species (NNS) come into contact in the same habitat. We...