Article history: Received 22 May 2005 Received in revised form 19 September 2005 Accepted 26 September 2005 Available online 16 November 2005 Two prominent and alternate approaches, ecosystem service valuation and ecological footprints, link the production of ecosystem services with their consumption by societies. An overlapping goal of both approaches is to promote the sustainable use of ecosy...

As population and water demand increase, there is a growing need for alternative water supplies from water reuse and desalination systems. These systems are beneficial to water augmentation; however, there are concerns related to their carbon footprint. This study compiles the reported carbon footprint of these systems from existing literature, recognizes general trends of carbon footprint of w...

We present a three-dimensional Lagrangian footprint model with the ability to predict the area of influence (footprint) of a measurement within a wide range of boundary-layer stratifications and receptor heights. The model approach uses stochastic backward trajectories of particles and satisfies the well-mixed condition in inhomogeneous turbulence for continuous transitions from stable to conve...

Low carbon footprint energy sources such as solar and wind power typically suffer from unpredictable or limited availability. By globally distributing a number of these renewable sources, these effects can largely be compensated for. We look at the feasibility of this approach for powering already distributed data centers in order to operate at a reduced total carbon footprint. From our study w...

We ran a Lagrangian stochastic (LS) dispersion model in both forward-in-time and backward-in-time ways to derive footprints. Three Eulerian analytical footprint models were compared with this Lagrangian model for a wide atmospheric stability range. Despite some differences among the three analytical footprint models, their results generally agreed. Results from the forward LS simulations agreed...

BACKGROUND Therapeutic communities (TCs) could reduce the health care use of people with personality disorder (Davies S, Campling P and Ryan K, Psychiatrist 23:79-83, 1999; Barr W, Kirkcaldy A, Horne A, Hodge S, Hellin K and Göpfert M, J Ment Health 19:412-421, 2010) and in turn reduce the financial and environmental costs of services. Our hypothesis is that 3 years following entry to a TC serv...

A reconfigurable mechanism for varying the footprint of a four-wheeled omnidirectional vehicle is developed and applied to wheelchairs. The variable footprint mechanism consists of a pair of beams intersecting at a pivotal point in the middle. Two pairs of ball wheels at the diagonal positions of the vehicle chassis are mounted, respectively, on the two beams intersecting in the middle. The ang...

J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 2007;89-B:766-71. Received 16 October 2006; Accepted after revision 22 February 2007 Our aims were to map the tibial footprint of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) using MRI in patients undergoing PCL-preserving total knee replacement, and to document the disruption of this footprint as a result of the tibial cut. In 26 consecutive patients plain radiography and MRI o...

Large hydropower project (LHP) is now the most important renewable and low-carbon source for electricity generation, carbon footprint calculation is crucial for it. We established an embodied carbon budget accounting system for LHP to calculate its actual carbon footprint. In additional to traditional carbon emission from plant construction, the accounting system included two new items in the c...

Middle distillate (MD) transportation fuels, including diesel and jet fuel, make up almost 30% of liquid fuel consumption in the United States. Alternative drop-in MD and biodiesel could potentially reduce dependence on crude oil and the greenhouse gas intensity of transportation. However, the water and land resource requirements of these novel fuel production technologies must be better unders...